Assessing the Diagnostic Efficacy of a Developed Technique Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis via the ELISA Method.

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a significant zoonotic disease, transmitted primarily from canines to intermediate hosts such as humans, sheep, and cattle. This disease is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. CE can lead to severe health complications, including liver and lung cysts, which can cause organ dysfunction and even death if left untreated. The present study utilized serum specimens from 25 newborn babies as the negative control group, while an additional 25 serum samples were collected from surgically confirmed cases of CE to serve as the positive control group.The Iranian native antigen B was used to design the specific detection of hydatidosis in humans using an AuNP-ELISA method.The AgB isolated from sheep CE fluid was used for the design using the AgB-ELISA method. The study was meticulously executed in three stages.Initially, the commercial ELISA kit was employed. The second method entailed the utilization of native AgB to devise the ELISA method. Ultimately, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with anti-human conjugate combination and AgB-ELISA method were employed. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of hydatidosis were 92% and 100%, respectively, using the commercial ELISA kit; 96% and 100% with the AgB-ELISA method; and 100% with the Gold Nanoparticle-ELISA method.The utilisation of Ag B in ELISA design for hydatidosis diagnosis has recently garnered significant attention from researchers in the field. The findings suggest that incorporating AgB in ELISA design is highly advantageous; however, sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by utilising gold nanoparticles with anti-human conjugate, particularly in cases with lower titers that require high accuracy.