{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of agar-based hydrogel incorporating gelatin-coated silver nanoparticles with mupirocin for diabetic wound therapy.","authors":"Ilakkiya Vadavalli Arumugam, Baby Roselin Rajan Durai, Pranav Ragavendra, Justin Antony, Veintramuthu Sankar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04506-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers complicated by infection pose significant challenges in wound care, often resulting in prolonged healing times, increased risk of amputation, and substantial healthcare costs. Innovative treatment strategies involving the integration of bio-polymers and nanoparticles into hydrogel formulations offer promising solutions for managing diabetic wounds. This study focuses on synthesizing agar-based hydrogel containing gelatin-coated silver nanoparticles with mupirocin (GAgNPM). Gelatin was isolated from fish skin through acid (GAC) and alkaline pretreatment (GAL) techniques. In comparison to acid pretreatment extraction, the percentage yield of gelatin was higher with alkaline pretreatment at 16.43 ± 0.5%. The isolated GAL and GAC gelatin was characterized based on pH, viscosity, and gel strength. The GAL exhibited a higher pH and viscosity of 6.51 ± 0.1, and 306 ± 1.0 cps, respectively. The isolated GAL gelatin demonstrated superior characteristics and suitability for requiring optimized formulations. Using Design of Expert software, the optimal concentration for GAgNPM formulation was determined through factorial design and desirability approach. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the GAgNPM exhibited a spherical structure. Further, the in vitro antibacterial assay against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and scratch assay were conducted utilizing a 3T3 fibroblasts cell line. Furthermore, the in vitro antibacterial and scratch assays demonstrated significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) antibacterial and wound healing properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel. These findings strongly support the potential of agar-hydrogel-incorporated gelatin, and silver nanoparticles and mupirocin as an advanced carrier wound dressing material for diabetic wound treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12425876/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"3 Biotech","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04506-z","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers complicated by infection pose significant challenges in wound care, often resulting in prolonged healing times, increased risk of amputation, and substantial healthcare costs. Innovative treatment strategies involving the integration of bio-polymers and nanoparticles into hydrogel formulations offer promising solutions for managing diabetic wounds. This study focuses on synthesizing agar-based hydrogel containing gelatin-coated silver nanoparticles with mupirocin (GAgNPM). Gelatin was isolated from fish skin through acid (GAC) and alkaline pretreatment (GAL) techniques. In comparison to acid pretreatment extraction, the percentage yield of gelatin was higher with alkaline pretreatment at 16.43 ± 0.5%. The isolated GAL and GAC gelatin was characterized based on pH, viscosity, and gel strength. The GAL exhibited a higher pH and viscosity of 6.51 ± 0.1, and 306 ± 1.0 cps, respectively. The isolated GAL gelatin demonstrated superior characteristics and suitability for requiring optimized formulations. Using Design of Expert software, the optimal concentration for GAgNPM formulation was determined through factorial design and desirability approach. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the GAgNPM exhibited a spherical structure. Further, the in vitro antibacterial assay against Staphylococcus aureus and scratch assay were conducted utilizing a 3T3 fibroblasts cell line. Furthermore, the in vitro antibacterial and scratch assays demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial and wound healing properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel. These findings strongly support the potential of agar-hydrogel-incorporated gelatin, and silver nanoparticles and mupirocin as an advanced carrier wound dressing material for diabetic wound treatment.
糖尿病足溃疡并发感染对伤口护理构成重大挑战,往往导致愈合时间延长、截肢风险增加和大量医疗费用。创新的治疗策略包括将生物聚合物和纳米颗粒整合到水凝胶配方中,为治疗糖尿病伤口提供了有希望的解决方案。本研究主要研究了用莫匹罗星(GAgNPM)合成含有明胶包被银纳米颗粒的琼脂基水凝胶。采用酸预处理(GAC)和碱预处理(GAL)技术从鱼皮中分离得到明胶。与酸预处理相比,碱预处理的明胶得率为16.43±0.5%。根据pH、粘度和凝胶强度对分离得到的GAL和GAC明胶进行了表征。GAL具有较高的pH值和粘度,分别为6.51±0.1和306±1.0 cps。分离得到的GAL明胶具有优良的特性,适合于优化配方。采用Design of Expert软件,通过析因设计和可取性法确定了GAgNPM配方的最佳浓度。原子力显微镜和扫描电镜显示,GAgNPM呈球形结构。此外,利用3T3成纤维细胞系进行了对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌实验和抓痕实验。此外,体外抗菌和划伤试验显示显著(p
3 BiotechAgricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
314
期刊介绍:
3 Biotech publishes the results of the latest research related to the study and application of biotechnology to:
- Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
- Agriculture
- The Environment
The focus on these three technology sectors recognizes that complete Biotechnology applications often require a combination of techniques. 3 Biotech not only presents the latest developments in biotechnology but also addresses the problems and benefits of integrating a variety of techniques for a particular application. 3 Biotech will appeal to scientists and engineers in both academia and industry focused on the safe and efficient application of Biotechnology to Medicine, Agriculture and the Environment.