Recent advances in single-atom heterogeneous catalysts in thermocatalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol

Abstract

Amid global challenges, the development of innovative catalytic processes and advanced materials is essential to achieve net-zero emissions and combat global warming. Carbon capture and reutilization play a pivotal role in transitioning to a low-carbon future by converting CO₂ into valuable chemicals or fuels. An efficient and direct method of catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol is of great interest in terms of its implications in sustainability. Heterogeneous catalysts with atomically dispersed metals on support, termed as single atom catalyst (SAC), have shown promising opportunities in CO₂ hydrogenation. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of SACs, emphasizing their atomic efficiency and exceptional catalytic activity. We provide an overview of different synthesis and characterization strategies employed in the development of SACs, aiming to address the current limitations and further advance the field of SACs. The review discusses SACs studied over the past few years for thermo-catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. The crucial role of electronic interactions between metals and supports is recognized in SACs for stability and catalytic performance in conversion of CO₂. A future development perspective for SACs on possible industrial uses is presented.