Falkner-Skan thermal flow of a radiative paraffin-based ternary hybrid nanomaterial over a permeable wedge

Abstract

Paraffin-based nanomaterials have found vast applications in electronics cooling, solar collectors, thermal energy storage, biomedical devices, aerospace systems, and phase change efficiency. The present model deals with the Falkner-Skan thermal dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanomaterial (THNM) comprising spherical cobalt, cylindrical gold, and platelet copper nanoparticles in paraffin over an extending/contracting wedge. Thermal flow attributes are enhanced by combining a magnetic field, thermal radiation, suction/injection, and magnetic dissipation effects. A non-dimensional mathematical model is formulated using the fundamental laws of thermal fluid dynamics, thermophysical properties of nanoparticles, scaling transformations, and the Prandtl boundary layer approach. The formulated problem is then solved numerically using the Keller-box method. The obtained results for the flow-field function, temperature function, skin friction coefficient, and the Nusselt number are visualized graphically for the dissimilar values of the involved constraints. It is observed that paraffin-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (paraffin+Co+Au+Cu) demonstrates superior thermal and momentum transport performance by effectively balancing nanoparticle contributions, radiation, magnetic fields, and flow parameters. While cobalt enhances skin friction and heat transfer, gold and copper improve thermal transport, and favorable pressure gradients with suction further boost efficiency, making these nanofluids highly promising for advanced thermal management applications.