Recycling spent-lithium-ion batteries into high-performance supercapacitor electrodes: Sustainable approach for energy storage

Abstract

Supercapacitor electrodes are successfully fabricated using waste battery powder containing active materials. These electrodes exhibit notable electrochemical performance, achieving specific capacitance 158 Fg⁻¹ and 165 Fg⁻¹ for 5 % and 10 % Carbon nanotube (CNT) mixed electrode, respectively, as determined from cyclic voltammetry (CV). Additionally, Specific capacitance 155 Fg⁻¹ and 186 Fg⁻¹ are computed from Galvanostatic- charge discharge curves at current density 3 Ag⁻¹ for 5 % and 10 % CNT mixed electrodes respectively. The energy density of 5 % and 10 % CNT doped electrodes are 27.5 WhKg⁻¹ and 33.4 WhKg⁻¹ respectively. Furthermore power densities are 3216 WKg⁻¹, 3239 WKg⁻¹. The synthesized material, exhibiting a better charge storage capability and energy, power densities, demonstrates strong potential as a candidate for high-performing supercapacitor electrodes.