Synthesis strategies and diverse applications of gold nanosheets

Abstract

Recently gold nanosheets have attracted a lot of attention due to their distinct structural characteristics and wide range of uses. The aim of this review is to critically survey the recent advancements in the formation of two-dimensional Au-based nanosheets within a unifying framework and their wide range of applications in multiple sectors. Firstly, we benchmark top-down vs bottom-up routes under same criteria of scalability, yield, thickness control, defect density, crystallinity, and sustainability. Then, we highlighted the role of ligands, solvents and templates in directing nucleation, also discussed the nucleation and growth pathways that control the anisotropic growth of 2D structures, also emphasizing defect chemistry considering how stacking problems and defect free strategies influence performance and stability of nanosheets (NSs). Approaches for thickness and lateral-size control are evaluated from ultrathin sheets to micro-size structures. Finally, we investigate direct relationship between functional properties and NSs morphology. By exploring catalytic, biomedical and electronic applications, this review aims to give an extensive knowledge of the intriguing possibilities of gold nanosheets in developing several technologies. Finally, the challenges towards the large-scale production, stability and controlled synthesis of gold nanosheets (Au NSs) are proposed. This review summarizes the main synthetic methods focusing on significant achievements across range of application domains and discusses various challenges and possible future directions about the field.