Recent Advances in Tuning of Carbon-Based Nanostructure Surfaces Toward Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Inquiry to Insights

IF 8.8 2区化学 Q1 Chemistry

Topics in Current Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI:10.1007/s41061-025-00521-z

Y. Anjali, Rijo Rajeev, B. Manoj, Tom Cherian, Anitha Varghese

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Abstract

The present energy-intensive and feedstock-dependent Haber–Bosch (H–B) process is being replaced with an electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (E-NRR) to produce ammonia (NH₃), powered by renewable electricity. The main obstacles to the NRR are the integral inertness of the N₂ molecule and competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although transition metal-based electrocatalysts can overcome the kinetic restriction of N≡N activation via the back-donation method, the d-orbital electrons of transition metal atoms promote the creation of a metal–H bond, which increases the undesired HER. The electrocatalytic NRR activity has increased in recent years owing to carbon-based materials with easily tunable electrical structures. As a result, it is essential to evaluate the latest advances in theoretical and experimental aspects of carbon-based catalysts (CBCs) for NRR. This review focuses on the use of various CBCs and the modifications done to them for their effective use in the E-NRR, providing a comprehensive understanding of the use of CBCs for the E-NRR and aids further research in the field with the aim of making the E-NRR more efficient.

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面向电化学氮还原反应的碳基纳米结构表面调谐研究进展

目前的能源密集型和依赖原料的Haber-Bosch （H-B）工艺正在被电化学氮还原反应（E-NRR）所取代，以产生氨（NH3），由可再生电力提供动力。NRR的主要障碍是N2分子的积分惰性和析氢反应（HER）的竞争。虽然过渡金属基电催化剂可以通过回给方法克服N≡N活化的动力学限制，但过渡金属原子的d轨道电子促进了金属-氢键的产生，从而增加了不希望的HER。近年来，由于碳基材料具有易于调节的电结构，电催化NRR活性有所增加。因此，有必要对碳基催化剂（CBCs）的理论和实验方面的最新进展进行评估。本综述重点介绍了各种CBCs的使用以及为使其在E-NRR中有效使用而对其进行的修改，提供了对CBCs在E-NRR中的使用的全面了解，并有助于该领域的进一步研究，以使E-NRR更有效。

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来源期刊

Topics in Current Chemistry 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

11.70

自引率

1.20%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Topics in Current Chemistry provides in-depth analyses and forward-thinking perspectives on the latest advancements in chemical research. This renowned journal encompasses various domains within chemical science and their intersections with biology, medicine, physics, and materials science. Each collection within the journal aims to offer a comprehensive understanding, accessible to both academic and industrial readers, of emerging research in an area that captivates a broader scientific community. In essence, Topics in Current Chemistry illuminates cutting-edge chemical research, fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, and facilitates knowledge-sharing among diverse scientific audiences.