Overweight/obesity and sedentary Behavior: Dual modifiable factors associated with Hypertension–diabetes comorbidity among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam

Abstract

Aims

Hypertension and diabetes are major global public health challenges. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and diabetes and to identify associated factors among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam.

Materials and methods

A large-scale cross-sectional screening study involving 2100 adults was conducted. Participants were selected using multistage sampling from November to December 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, blood pressure measurements, and anthropometric assessments. Fasting plasma glucose levels were determined using venous blood samples. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with comorbid hypertension and diabetes.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and their comorbidity was 21.8 %, 10.6 %, and 4.3 %, respectively. In the overall population, comorbidity was significantly associated with age 50–60 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.03; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.53–16.60), male sex (aOR, 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.06–3.21), overweight/obesity (aOR, 1.98; 95 % CI, 1.17–3.36), and sedentary behavior ≥8 h/day (aOR, 2.37; 95 % CI, 1.26–4.46). Among males, significant factors included age 50–60, sedentary behavior, and high-risk alcohol use. Among females, comorbidity was associated with overweight/obesity and a family history of diabetes.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive interventions to reduce the burden of hypertension–diabetes comorbidity in adults. For males, strategies should address sedentary lifestyles, alcohol-related risks, and age-related screening, while in females, efforts should focus on weight management and early identification of individuals with a family history of diabetes.