Spanish norms focused on learning measures for the picture version of the free and cued selective reminding test with immediate recall.

Abstract

BackgroundThe Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a gold-standard among memory tests. Administration focused on learning measures may be more feasible for settings with limited face-to-face time per patient.ObjectiveTo obtain norms based on learning measures for the picture version of the FCSRT with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR) from Spanish population.MethodsA prospective normative study. Cognitively unimpaired volunteers were systematically recruited if eligible (age ≥50, no memory complaints, and a total TMA-93 score at or above the 10th percentile). In a second and independent session, the pFCSRT-IR was administered and its free recall and total recall (learning measures) were scored (range of score: 0-48 points). If a variable showed a high ceiling effect it was dichotomized; otherwise, a regression-based method was followed.ResultsThe final sample included 257 participants. Mean age and years of schooling were 67.46 (SD = 9.42, range = 50-88) years and 10.30 (SD = 5.81, range = 0-30) years, respectively. 68.9% were females. Scores for total recall showed ceiling effect, with 90.7% of the participants scoring > 46, which allowed dichotomizing the cutoff point at 46/47 (10th percentile). Free recall scores exhibited variability and were influenced by years of schooling, as well as by an age-by-sex interaction identified in the regression analysis.ConclusionsThe study provides norms based on learning measures for using the pFCSRT + IR in Spain. The 46/47 cutoff point for total recall may be a reliable and easy-to-use measure for diagnosing memory impairment. Norms for free recall must also take an age-by-sex interaction into account.