A new wide-scope, multi-biomarker wastewater-based epidemiology analytical method to monitor the health and well-being of inhabitants at a metropolitan scale
Harry Elliss, Kit Proctor, Megan Robertson, John Bagnall, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
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Abstract
This manuscript establishes a new, comprehensive biomarker list and a multiresidue trace quantification method for community-wide health and well-being assessment at a metropolitan scale using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and mass spectrometry pipelines. This method enables the quantification of 204 biochemical indicators (BCIs) across a range of biomarker classes within influent wastewater and includes illicit drug BCIs, pharmaceuticals as proxies for disease, health markers (hormones, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, etc.), Lifestyle chemicals, food BCIs, and hazardous chemicals in personal care products. This method facilitates the combined assessment of community exposure to chemicals and the effects of this exposure in the same framework. The method enables full quantification of 141 BCIs with method detection Limits varying from 0.01 ng/L for amlodipine to 23.8 ng/L for stachydrine. Total average method accuracies were 102.7% whereas precision was 10.4%. During an initial assessment of this method to test its suitability, 62% of all targets were detected and quantified during a week-long feasibility study of a large city with weekly average Daily BCI loads ranging from 40.0 ± 20.0 mg/day for salbutamol to 5836.5 ± 1697.1 g/day for creatinine. The inclusion of new endogenous markers such as advanced glycation end products, detected in wastewater for the first time, enables more accurate determination of community-level health and lifestyle habits. Alongside an unbiased and comprehensive health assessment through endogenous markers, health is further assessed via the use of pharmaceuticals, acting as a proxy for health and disease status whilst additionally providing insights into community lifestyle habits through the monitoring of licit/illicit drug use and food consumption. The analysis of all biomarker classes combined aims to provide insights to exposure and health effect outcomes at the community level.
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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry’s mission is the rapid publication of excellent and high-impact research articles on fundamental and applied topics of analytical and bioanalytical measurement science. Its scope is broad, and ranges from novel measurement platforms and their characterization to multidisciplinary approaches that effectively address important scientific problems. The Editors encourage submissions presenting innovative analytical research in concept, instrumentation, methods, and/or applications, including: mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and electroanalysis; advanced separations; analytical strategies in “-omics” and imaging, bioanalysis, and sampling; miniaturized devices, medical diagnostics, sensors; analytical characterization of nano- and biomaterials; chemometrics and advanced data analysis.
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