A laser with instability reaching 4×10-17 based on a 10-cm-long silicon cavity at sub-5-K temperatures.

IF 21.1 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Zhi-Ang Chen, Hao-Ran Zeng, Wen-Wei Wang, Han Zhang, Run-Qi Lei, Jian-Zhang Li, Cai-Yin Pang, She-Song Huang, Xibo Zhang
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Abstract

The realization of ultra-stable lasers with 10-17-level frequency stability has enabled a wide range of researches on precision metrology and fundamental science, where cryogenic single-crystalline cavities constitute the heart of such ultra-stable lasers. For further improvements in stability, increasing the cavity length at few-kelvin temperatures provides a promising alternative to utilizing relatively short cavities with novel coating, but has yet to be demonstrated with state-of-the-art stability. Here we report on the realization of a relatively long ultra-stable silicon cavity with a length of 10 cm and sub-5-K operating temperatures. We devise a dynamical protocol of cool-quiet quench measurement that reveals the inherent 10-17-level frequency instability of the silicon cavity despite the substantially larger frequency noise induced by the cryostat vibration. We further develop a method for suppressing the cryostat-vibration-induced frequency noise under continuous cooling, and observe an average frequency instability of 4.3(2)×10-17 for averaging times of 4 to 12 s. Using the measured noise power spectral density, we compute a median linewidth of 9.6(3) mHz for the silicon cavity laser at 1397 nm, which is supported by an empirically determined linewidth of 5.7(3) mHz based on direct optical beat measurements. These results establish a new record for optical cavities within a closed-cycle cryocooler at sub-5-K temperatures and provide a prototypical system for using long cryogenic cavities to enhance frequency stabilities to the low-10-17 or better level.

在低于5 k的温度下,基于10厘米长的硅腔的不稳定性达到4×10-17的激光器。
具有10-17级频率稳定性的超稳定激光器的实现使精密计量和基础科学的广泛研究成为可能,其中低温单晶腔构成了这种超稳定激光器的核心。为了进一步提高稳定性,在几开尔文温度下增加腔长为利用相对较短的腔和新型涂层提供了一个有希望的替代方案,但尚未证明具有最先进的稳定性。在这里,我们报道了一个相对较长的超稳定硅腔的实现,其长度为10厘米,工作温度低于5 k。我们设计了一个动态的冷-静淬火测量方案,揭示了硅腔固有的10-17级频率不稳定性,尽管低温恒温器振动引起了更大的频率噪声。我们进一步开发了一种在连续冷却下抑制低温恒温器振动引起的频率噪声的方法,并观察到平均时间为4至12 s的平均频率不稳定性为4.3(2)×10-17。利用测量的噪声功率谱密度,我们计算出1397 nm硅腔激光器的中位线宽为9.6(3)mHz,这与基于直接光拍测量的经验确定的5.7(3)mHz的线宽相一致。这些结果为闭合循环制冷机在低于5 k温度下的光学腔建立了新的记录,并为使用长低温腔将频率稳定性提高到低10-17或更高的水平提供了一个原型系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Science Bulletin
Science Bulletin MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
24.60
自引率
2.10%
发文量
8092
期刊介绍: Science Bulletin (Sci. Bull., formerly known as Chinese Science Bulletin) is a multidisciplinary academic journal supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and co-sponsored by the CAS and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Sci. Bull. is a semi-monthly international journal publishing high-caliber peer-reviewed research on a broad range of natural sciences and high-tech fields on the basis of its originality, scientific significance and whether it is of general interest. In addition, we are committed to serving the scientific community with immediate, authoritative news and valuable insights into upcoming trends around the globe.
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