Reassessing the biodegradation behavior of pure iron and iron-manganese alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

IF 4.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100321

Fanshuo Wang , Qiyang Tan , Ting Liu , Jeffrey Venezuela , Zhiming Shi , Sarah Hurley , Anh Ly , Chun Xu , Deniz U. Erbulurt , Jun Yin , Yue Zhao , Mingxing Zhang

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Abstract

This study investigates the biodegradation of pure Fe, Fe-25Mn, and Fe-30Mn alloys fabricated with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Unlike conventionally produced Fe-Mn alloys, in the scheme of LPBF, the addition of 25 wt.% and 30 wt.% Mn showed limited efficacy in enhancing the corrosion rates when compared with the LPBF-fabricated Fe. The rapid cooling during LPBF produced a refined grain structure in pure Fe, substantially increased the grain boundary density, and enhanced the corrosion rates. This effect resulted in a corrosion rate of LPBF-processed Fe (0.04mm/year) that matched the corrosion rate of the LPBF-fabricated Fe-25Mn (0.05mm/year) with enhanced galvanic corrosion due to a high ε-martensite to γ-austenite ratio. Whereas in the LPBF-fabricated Fe-30Mn alloy, a reduced corrosion rate (0.01mm/year) was determined because of its coarse columnar grains and constrained micro-galvanic effects derived from the low ε-martensite to γ-austenite ratio. These findings suggest that when LPBF is used to produce biodegradable Fe-based alloys, Fe could be a more optimal option than its Fe- (25 and 30 wt.%) Mn counterparts in terms of pursuing a faster degradation rate.

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激光粉末床熔合法制备纯铁和铁锰合金的生物降解性能研究

研究了激光粉末床熔合法制备纯Fe、Fe- 25mn和Fe- 30mn合金的生物降解。与常规生产的Fe-Mn合金不同，在LPBF方案中，添加25 wt.%和30 wt.%的Mn与LPBF制备的Fe相比，对提高腐蚀速率的效果有限。在LPBF过程中，快速冷却使纯铁晶粒组织细化，晶界密度显著增加，腐蚀速率加快。这种效应导致lpbf加工的Fe的腐蚀速率（0.04mm/年）与lpbf加工的Fe- 25mn的腐蚀速率（0.05mm/年）相匹配，并且由于较高的ε-马氏体与γ-奥氏体之比，电偶腐蚀增强。而在lpbf制备的Fe-30Mn合金中，由于其粗柱状晶粒和低ε-马氏体与γ-奥氏体比产生的微电偶效应，腐蚀速率降低（0.01mm/年）。这些发现表明，当LPBF用于生产可生物降解的铁基合金时，在追求更快的降解率方面，铁可能是比Fe- (25 wt.%和30 wt.%) Mn更理想的选择。

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