Working Holiday Makers and sustainable Indigenous tourism: A motivational typology approach

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jort.2025.100954

Lenglengman Rovaniyaw, Yu-Shu Peng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) have become a significant yet understudied group in Indigenous tourism. This study investigates WHMs on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, focusing on how their motivations shape environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), social interaction, and place attachment. Data were collected through 27 semi-structured interviews and participant observation during the summers of 2022 and 2023.

Using Alderfer's Existence–Relatedness–Growth (ERG) theory, the study develops a motivation-based typology comprising five WHM types: transactional-, spiritual-, humanistic-, ecological-, and holistic-oriented. Findings reveal substantial diversity: holistic-oriented WHMs, motivated by both ecological and humanistic concerns, demonstrated the strongest cultural sensitivity, place attachment, and ERB. In contrast, transactional- and spiritual-oriented WHMs engaged minimally with Tao lifeways or ecological initiatives, while humanistic- and ecological-oriented WHMs displayed moderate involvement.

By situating WHMs as ethically embedded participants rather than transient laborers, the study reframes their roles in Indigenous tourism. Results highlight how relational immersion, ecological participation, and respect for cultural protocols can transform pragmatic or escapist motivations into growth-oriented commitments. This perspective advances visitor typology debates, contributes to Indigenous tourism scholarship, and provides practical insights for cultivating sustainable, Indigenous-led tourism.

查看原文本刊更多论文

打工度假者与可持续原住民旅游：动机类型学方法

打工度假者（Working Holiday Makers, WHMs）已成为原住民旅游中一个重要但尚未被充分研究的群体。本研究以台湾兰屿为研究对象，探讨其动机对环境责任行为、社会互动和地方依恋的影响。在2022年和2023年夏季，通过27次半结构化访谈和参与式观察收集数据。利用Alderfer的存在-关联-成长（ERG）理论，本研究发展了一种基于动机的类型，包括五种WHM类型：交易型、精神型、人文型、生态型和整体型。研究结果显示了大量的多样性：以整体为导向的whm，受到生态和人文关怀的驱动，表现出最强的文化敏感性、地方依恋和ERB。相反，以交易和精神为导向的whm很少参与道的生活方式或生态倡议，而以人文和生态为导向的whm则表现出适度的参与。通过将whm定位为道德嵌入的参与者而不是临时劳工，该研究重新定义了他们在土著旅游中的角色。结果强调了关系沉浸、生态参与和对文化协议的尊重如何将务实或逃避现实的动机转变为以增长为导向的承诺。这一观点推动了游客类型学的辩论，有助于土著旅游学术研究，并为培养可持续的、土著主导的旅游业提供了实际见解。

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来源期刊

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism offers a dedicated outlet for research relevant to social sciences and natural resources. The journal publishes peer reviewed original research on all aspects of outdoor recreation planning and management, covering the entire spectrum of settings from wilderness to urban outdoor recreation opportunities. It also focuses on new products and findings in nature based tourism and park management. JORT is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary journal, articles may focus on any aspect of theory, method, or concept of outdoor recreation research, planning or management, and interdisciplinary work is especially welcome, and may be of a theoretical and/or a case study nature. Depending on the topic of investigation, articles may be positioned within one academic discipline, or draw from several disciplines in an integrative manner, with overarching relevance to social sciences and natural resources. JORT is international in scope and attracts scholars from all reaches of the world to facilitate the exchange of ideas. As such, the journal enhances understanding of scientific knowledge, empirical results, and practitioners'' needs. Therefore in JORT each article is accompanied by an executive summary, written by the editors or authors, highlighting the planning and management relevant aspects of the article.