Social discounting and anti-/pro-sociality: A meta-analysis and (short-form) replication

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113447

Paige Amormino , Jeffrey Gao , Penny Li , Samantha Induni , Sara Amar , Kayla Balabanis , Allison Burt , Kaela Dockray , Heather Doherty , Nandi Dube , Lila Janney , Eli Kales , Isabella King , Elizabeth Kronthal , Brandon Lee , Elizabeth Regan , Isabella Romero , Bryan A. Jones , Kendra L. Seaman , Abigail A. Marsh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Early research in behavioral sciences emphasized situational and contextual factors as key drivers of prosocial behavior, with individual differences historically receiving less attention. However, more recent work underscores that prosocial tendencies exhibit meaningful and stable variation across individuals, highlighting the value of robust, non-self-report measures that capture these differences across diverse domains. The Social Discounting Task (SDT), which assesses how generosity declines as social distance increases, is one candidate measure. Our preregistered meta-regression revealed an inverse relationship between social discounting and multiple prosocial outcomes (N = 14, r = −0.231, p < .001), and supported the hyperbolic nature of the relationship between generosity and social distance (N = 44, logk = −2.37, p < .0001). We found no evidence for differences in real-world vs. hypothetical rewards on social discounting, nor evidence for differences in social discounting from country-level individualism-collectivism. Increased country-level relational mobility was a significant predictor of reduced social discounting (B_{logk effects} = −1.12, N = 36, p = .0451). In conceptual replications of 14 prosocial/antisocial outcomes predicted by the SDT, all prosocial effects and two of four antisocial effects replicated, further supporting the SDT's robustness as a predictor of stable individual differences in prosociality.

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社会折扣和反/亲社会性：荟萃分析和（简短）复制

早期的行为科学研究强调情境和背景因素是亲社会行为的关键驱动因素，个体差异历来较少受到关注。然而，最近的研究强调，亲社会倾向在个体之间表现出有意义和稳定的变化，强调了在不同领域捕捉这些差异的稳健、非自我报告测量的价值。社会贴现任务（Social discount Task， SDT）是一种候选的测量方法，它评估慷慨度是如何随着社会距离的增加而下降的。我们的预登记元回归揭示了社会折扣与多个亲社会结果之间的负相关关系（N = 14, r = - 0.231, p < .001），并支持慷慨与社会距离之间关系的双曲线性质（N = 44, logk = - 2.37, p < .0001）。我们没有发现现实世界与假设的社会折扣奖励存在差异的证据，也没有证据表明国家层面的个人主义-集体主义在社会折扣方面存在差异。国家级关系流动性的增加是社会折扣减少的显著预测因子（Blogk效应= - 1.12,N = 36, p = 0.0451）。在SDT预测的14种亲社会/反社会结果的概念重复中，所有亲社会效应和四种反社会效应中的两种都被重复，进一步支持了SDT作为稳定的亲社会个体差异预测因子的稳健性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Personality and Individual Differences PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.70%

发文量

577

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.