First evidence of hippopotamus ivory exchange networks in north-eastern Iberian Peninsula: The object of Bòbila Madurell (Barcelona, Spain)

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105375

José Miguel Morillo León , Africa Pitarch Martí , Silvia Albizuri , F.Javier López-Cachero , Araceli Martín Cólliga , Millan Mozota , Salvador Moyà-Solà , Jordi Nadal

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Abstract

This study examines a Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic ivory object (Véraza facies) found at the Bòbila Madurell settlement (Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain). The main objective was to date the object and determine the provenance of the raw material. The radiocarbon analysis places it in the second quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. FTIR analysis identified it as hippopotamus ivory, marking the first and currently the oldest discovery in north-eastern Iberia. While most Iberian ivory is attributed to Asian or African proboscideans, hippopotamus ivory is known in southern Iberia during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, reflecting emerging trade networks from the Near East and Africa. Though the object is fractured, the archaeological context, together with morphological and residue analyses, suggests a possible use in textile work.

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伊比利亚半岛东北部河马象牙交换网络的首个证据：Bòbila Madurell的对象（西班牙巴塞罗那）

本研究考察了在Bòbila madrell定居点（西班牙巴塞罗那Sant Quirze del vall）发现的新石器时代晚期-铜石器时代象牙器物（vsamuraza相）。主要目的是确定物品的年代，并确定原材料的来源。放射性碳分析表明它是在公元前三千年的第二个季度。FTIR分析鉴定出这是河马象牙，标志着伊比利亚东北部第一次也是目前最古老的发现。虽然大多数伊比利亚象牙被认为是来自亚洲或非洲的长鼻动物，但在铜器时代和早期青铜时代，伊比利亚南部就发现了河马象牙，这反映了近东和非洲新兴的贸易网络。虽然这个物体是断裂的，但考古背景以及形态学和残留物分析表明，它可能在纺织工作中使用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports ARCHAEOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

405

期刊介绍： Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports is aimed at archaeologists and scientists engaged with the application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. The journal focuses on the results of the application of scientific methods to archaeological problems and debates. It will provide a forum for reviews and scientific debate of issues in scientific archaeology and their impact in the wider subject. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports will publish papers of excellent archaeological science, with regional or wider interest. This will include case studies, reviews and short papers where an established scientific technique sheds light on archaeological questions and debates.