MXene Synthesis, Surface Functionalization, and Membrane Integration for Photocatalytic Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101208

Noor H. Jawad , Teeba M. Darwesh , Asmaa F. Abbas , Ali A. Yahya , Afraa H. Kamel , Khalid T. Rashid , Tamara W. Abood , Raed A. Al-Juboori , Hicham Meskher , Saad Al-Saadi , Qusay F. Alsalhy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The accelerating global population growth and rising living standards have intensified pressure on freshwater resources, underscoring the urgent need for efficient wastewater treatment technologies. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for removing persistent and toxic heavy metal contaminants. MXenes, emerging two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable hydrophilicity, chemical tunability, high surface area, and superior electrochemical properties. This review critically examines the development and application of MXene-based membrane nanomaterials for the photocatalytic removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Key aspects include novel synthesis routes, such as HF-free and eco-friendly methods, advanced structural modifications, and strategic surface functionalization to enhance photocatalytic and adsorptive performance. We further dissect the fundamental separation mechanisms, exploring electron transfer dynamics, interfacial interactions, and the synergistic roles of MXene composites. This comprehensive analysis aims to guide future research towards sustainable water purification technologies leveraging the unique capabilities of MXene-based systems.

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MXene合成、表面功能化和膜集成光催化去除废水中重金属的研究进展

全球人口的加速增长和生活水平的提高加剧了对淡水资源的压力，因此迫切需要有效的废水处理技术。传统的处理方法往往不足以去除持久性和有毒的重金属污染物。MXenes是新兴的二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物，由于其显著的亲水性、化学可调性、高表面积和优异的电化学性能而引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了mxene基膜纳米材料光催化脱除废水中重金属的研究进展及应用。关键方面包括新的合成路线，如无高频和环保的方法，先进的结构修饰和战略性的表面功能化，以提高光催化和吸附性能。我们进一步剖析了基本的分离机制，探索了电子传递动力学、界面相互作用和MXene复合材料的协同作用。这项综合分析旨在指导未来的研究，利用基于mxene系统的独特功能，实现可持续的水净化技术。

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来源期刊

Materials Today Sustainability Multiple-

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

6.40%

发文量

174

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： Materials Today Sustainability is a multi-disciplinary journal covering all aspects of sustainability through materials science. With a rapidly increasing population with growing demands, materials science has emerged as a critical discipline toward protecting of the environment and ensuring the long term survival of future generations.