Wetting of MoNbTaW HEA coated graphite/diamond by molten copper at 1100 °C

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107437

Qiaoli Lin, Yifei Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This work investigates the wetting of copper (Cu) on surface-modified graphite/diamond substrates for transpiration cooling in extreme environments. Refractory metal films (W, Nb, Ta, Mo) and a WNbTaMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating were deposited via magnetron sputtering for the purpose of surface modification. Results show that carbide formation (e.g., WC, Mo₂C, (WNbTaMo)C) significantly improves Cu wettability (contact angle as low as 10°), with the sequence W > Mo > WNbTaMo > Nb > Ta. The HEA film contributes approximately 20.3 % of the solid/liquid interfacial energy (∼923 mJ/m²), attributed to its high interfacial entropy (−0.137 mJ/(m²·K)), which significantly exceeds that of conventional metal/metal systems. The Cu/WNbTaMo-graphite composite exhibits self-driven transpiration cooling when oxidized, as the HEA layer decomposes into volatile oxides, releasing liquid Cu. This work provides quantitative insights for designing high-temperature thermal management materials, demonstrating ∼32 % enhanced thermal conductivity (484 W/(m·K) at 1100 °C) through HEA interfacial engineering.

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熔融铜在1100℃下润湿MoNbTaW HEA涂层石墨/金刚石

本研究研究了在极端环境下，铜（Cu）在表面改性石墨/金刚石衬底上的润湿作用。采用磁控溅射法制备了W、Nb、Ta、Mo等难熔金属薄膜和WNbTaMo高熵合金（HEA）涂层。结果表明，碳化体的形成（如WC、Mo2C、（WNbTaMo）C）显著改善了Cu的润湿性（接触角低至10°），其顺序为W >； Mo > WNbTaMo > Nb > Ta。HEA薄膜贡献了约20.3%的固/液界面能（~ 923 mJ/m2），这归功于其高界面熵（- 0.137 mJ/(m2·K)），这大大超过了传统的金属/金属体系。Cu/ wnbtamo -石墨复合材料在氧化时表现出自驱动的蒸腾冷却，HEA层分解成挥发性氧化物，释放液态Cu。这项工作为设计高温热管理材料提供了定量的见解，通过HEA界面工程证明热导率提高了~ 32%（1100°C时为484 W/(m·K)）。

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来源期刊

$International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials$

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.90%

发文量

236

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (IJRMHM) publishes original research articles concerned with all aspects of refractory metals and hard materials. Refractory metals are defined as metals with melting points higher than 1800 °C. These are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, and rhenium, as well as many compounds and alloys based thereupon. Hard materials that are included in the scope of this journal are defined as materials with hardness values higher than 1000 kg/mm2, primarily intended for applications as manufacturing tools or wear resistant components in mechanical systems. Thus they encompass carbides, nitrides and borides of metals, and related compounds. A special focus of this journal is put on the family of hardmetals, which is also known as cemented tungsten carbide, and cermets which are based on titanium carbide and carbonitrides with or without a metal binder. Ceramics and superhard materials including diamond and cubic boron nitride may also be accepted provided the subject material is presented as hard materials as defined above.