Extracellular vesicles in chronic wound therapy: engineering strategies and advanced delivery systems for enhanced regeneration

IF 10.2 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Materials Today Bio Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102298

Le Ding , Tingrui Zhang , Yixiao Pan , Jun Liu , Tianyou Ma , Hanxue Zhou , Quangang Zhu , Zongguang Tai , Zhongjian Chen

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Abstract

Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, are notoriously difficult to heal due to their complex pathological microenvironments, which are marked by persistent inflammation and impaired angiogenesis. These challenges place a significant burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers, can modulate the wound microenvironment and facilitate tissue regeneration by delivering bioactive molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. EVs offer advantages including low immunogenicity and excellent biocompatibility. However, unmodified EVs face limitations such as low therapeutic payloads, limited targeting capability, and vulnerability to degradation. Building on this foundation, this review provides a detailed overview of the specific roles and mechanisms of EVs in wound healing. It focuses particularly on condition-specific strategies, engineering approaches, and the use of biomaterials to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EVs in treating chronic wounds. Finally, we highlight the current challenges faced in the clinical translation of EV-based therapies and propose emerging strategies to address these obstacles, offering new directions for chronic wound management.

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慢性伤口治疗中的细胞外囊泡：增强再生的工程策略和先进的输送系统

慢性伤口，包括糖尿病足溃疡，由于其复杂的病理微环境，以持续炎症和血管生成受损为特征，众所周知难以愈合。这些挑战给患者和医疗保健系统带来了沉重的负担。细胞外囊泡（Extracellular vesicles, ev）是一种天然载体，可以通过传递蛋白质、核酸等生物活性分子，调节伤口微环境，促进组织再生。电动汽车具有低免疫原性和良好的生物相容性等优点。然而，未经修饰的电动汽车面临着治疗有效载荷低、靶向能力有限、易降解等局限性。在此基础上，本文就ev在伤口愈合中的具体作用和机制作一综述。它特别侧重于特定条件的策略，工程方法和生物材料的使用，以进一步提高ev治疗慢性伤口的疗效。最后，我们强调了目前基于ev的治疗方法在临床转化中面临的挑战，并提出了解决这些障碍的新兴策略，为慢性伤口管理提供了新的方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials Today Bio Multiple-

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

4.90%

发文量

303

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Materials Today Bio is a multidisciplinary journal that specializes in the intersection between biology and materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine. It covers various aspects such as the design and assembly of new structures, their interaction with biological systems, functionalization, bioimaging, therapies, and diagnostics in healthcare. The journal aims to showcase the most significant advancements and discoveries in this field. As part of the Materials Today family, Materials Today Bio provides rigorous peer review, quick decision-making, and high visibility for authors. It is indexed in Scopus, PubMed Central, Emerging Sources, Citation Index (ESCI), and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).