Surface chemistry analysis of aluminum powders through triboelectric charging: Effect of composition, particle size distribution and moisture adsorption

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121636

Ali N. Alagha , Emilio Galindo , Martin Conlon , José Muñiz , Kamran Azari , Evan Butler-Jones , Mathieu Brochu

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Abstract

This work explores the interactions between particle size distribution (PSD), specific surface area (SSA), and relative humidity levels (RH; as received, 20–60 % RH) on the triboelectric charging behavior of two aluminum alloys, namely AlSi10Mg and AlSi9Cu3. The results, validated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), demonstrate that the SSA strongly influences surface chemical composition and its evolution under humid conditions through the newly developed triboelectric charging methodology. Higher SSA promoted moisture adsorption and surface hydroxylation. In the as-received condition, WF values varied between 4.43 and 4.64 eV, with Si-rich powders exhibiting higher values than those richer in Al₂O₃. Higher RH progressively lowered the WF due to moisture-driven surface dipoles and led to up to 51 % reduction in charge density. Compositional differences between AlSi10Mg and AlSi9Cu3 produced distinct surface species under humid conditions. In AlSi10Mg, the formation of the surface hydroxides (AlO(OH) and SiO(OH)₂) promoted faster triboelectric charge dissipation. In contrast, besides the hydroxides present in AlSi10Mg, the copper content in AlSi9Cu3 powders resulted in reduced charge density due to the formation of an additional surface hydroxide specie (Cu(OH)₂), contributing to localized charge retention. Modeling the charging behavior showed that the n-exponent decreased with RH for AlSi10Mg (from ∼1.04 to 0.92) but increased for AlSi9Cu3 (from ∼0.72 to 0.91) at equivalent SSA, underscoring the distinct effects of Si- and Cu-hydroxides on charge relaxation. These findings highlight that triboelectric charging is influenced by surface chemistry and particle size distribution, variables to be considered in the analysis.

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摩擦电荷作用下铝粉的表面化学分析：成分、粒度分布和水分吸附的影响

本研究探讨了粒径分布（PSD）、比表面积（SSA）和相对湿度水平（RH；接收到的20 - 60% RH）对AlSi10Mg和AlSi9Cu3两种铝合金摩擦充电行为的相互作用。通过x射线光电子能谱（XPS）验证的结果表明，通过新开发的摩擦充电方法，SSA强烈影响表面化学成分及其在潮湿条件下的演变。较高的SSA促进了水分吸附和表面羟基化。在实验条件下，WF值在4.43 ~ 4.64 eV之间变化，富si粉体的WF值高于富Al₂O₃粉体。由于水分驱动的表面偶极子，较高的相对湿度逐渐降低了WF，导致电荷密度降低了51%。AlSi10Mg和AlSi9Cu3的成分差异在湿润条件下产生了不同的表面物质。在AlSi10Mg中，表面氢氧化物（AlO（OH）和SiO(OH)2）的形成促进了更快的摩擦电荷耗散。相比之下，AlSi10Mg中除了存在氢氧化物外，AlSi9Cu3粉末中的铜含量导致电荷密度降低，这是由于表面形成了额外的氢氧化物（Cu(OH)2），有助于局部电荷保留。模拟充电行为表明，在相同的SSA下，AlSi10Mg的n指数随相对温度降低（从1.04到0.92），而AlSi9Cu3的n指数则增加（从0.72到0.91），强调了Si和cu -氢氧化物对电荷弛豫的不同影响。这些发现强调了摩擦电荷受到表面化学和颗粒尺寸分布的影响，这些是分析中需要考虑的变量。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.