Thermodynamic, acoustic and spectroscopic investigation of choline salicylate ternary mixtures with sodium salts over temperature range 288.15–318.15 K

Abstract

This study explores molecular interactions in ternary mixtures of (choline salicylate + water + and trisodium citrate /sodium nitrate) by measuring density and sound velocity at four temperatures and varying concentrations. Thermoacoustic parameters were calculated to understand solute–solvent interactions. Relative association and relaxation strength were analyzed to assess molecular aggregation and structural rearrangements. FTIR analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of choline salicylate with salts further revealed bonding characteristics. The findings offer insights into intermolecular forces and solvation dynamics, aiding the development of efficient pharmaceutical processes and promoting environmentally sustainable practices. The study contributes to scientific knowledge and supports key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).