Bacillus velezensis G-1 lipopeptides and genomics reveal biocontrol and probiotic traits against postharvest rot caused by Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Food microbiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1016/j.fm.2025.104928

Zhenfeng Gao , Jia Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Postharvest fungal infections significantly reduce the quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables, with Alternaria species causing major losses in crops such as tomatoes, pears, and jujubes. This study investigated the antifungal potential of Bacillus velezensis G-1 and its secondary metabolites against Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata. In vitro assays showed that B. velezensis G-1 inhibited fungal mycelial growth by over 80 %, with lipopeptides forming inhibition zones greater than 25 mm. In vivo tests at 0 and 4 °C confirmed strong antifungal activity. In addition, B. velezensis G-1 and its metabolites suppressed the production of four fungal toxins: alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), with inhibition rates exceeding 60.61 %, particularly against AME and TEN. LC-ESI-MS analysis identified fengycin as the primary antifungal compound. Genomic analysis confirmed B. velezensis G-1 as a distinct strain, revealing 73 key genes and two gene clusters involved in lipopeptide biosynthesis. A comparative analysis with B. velezensis FZB42 identified 15 genetic differences among 73 key genes involved in lipopeptide biosynthesis. Quorum sensing and polyketide biosynthesis were identified as the key regulatory pathways. These findings highlight B. velezensis G-1 as a promising biocontrol agent for managing postharvest fungal diseases in economically important crops.

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velezensis G-1脂肽和基因组学揭示了对茄疫病毒和交替疫病毒的生物防治和益生菌特性

采后真菌感染会显著降低水果和蔬菜的质量和保质期，交替孢菌会对番茄、梨和枣子等作物造成重大损失。研究了velezensis G-1及其次生代谢物对茄疫病菌（Alternaria solani）和交替疫病菌（Alternaria alternata）的抑菌活性。体外实验表明，B. velezensis G-1对真菌菌丝生长的抑制作用超过80%，脂肽形成的抑制区大于25 mm。在0和4°C的体内试验证实了较强的抗真菌活性。此外，B. velezensis G-1及其代谢物对真菌毒素交替胺醇（AOH）、交替胺醇单甲基醚（AME）、tentoxin （TEN）和tenuazonic acid （TeA）的产生有抑制作用，抑制率超过60.61%，其中AME和TEN的抑制率最高。LC-ESI-MS分析鉴定凤霉素为主要抗真菌化合物。基因组分析证实了B. velezensis G-1是一种独特的菌株，揭示了参与脂肽生物合成的73个关键基因和2个基因簇。通过与B. velezensis FZB42的比较分析，鉴定出参与脂肽生物合成的73个关键基因中存在15个遗传差异。群体感应和聚酮生物合成是关键的调控途径。这些发现突出了白僵菌G-1作为一种有前景的生物防治剂，在重要经济作物的采后真菌病害防治中具有重要作用。

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来源期刊

Food microbiology 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

3.80%

发文量

179

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： Food Microbiology publishes original research articles, short communications, review papers, letters, news items and book reviews dealing with all aspects of the microbiology of foods. The editors aim to publish manuscripts of the highest quality which are both relevant and applicable to the broad field covered by the journal. Studies must be novel, have a clear connection to food microbiology, and be of general interest to the international community of food microbiologists. The editors make every effort to ensure rapid and fair reviews, resulting in timely publication of accepted manuscripts.