Phospholipid and triglyceride-based nanocomposites: A versatile approach for colon cancer – bridging basic science to translational applications in drug delivery and beyond

Abstract

Phospholipid and triglyceride-based nanocomposites are emerging as pivotal strategies in drug delivery systems, particularly for the treatment of colon cancer. Their inherent biocompatibility and capacity for targeted drug delivery enhance therapeutic efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity. This review critically evaluates the synthesis, characterization, and mechanistic insights into these nanocomposites, emphasizing their structural properties that facilitate drug encapsulation and release. Additionally, the interactions of these nanocomposites with biological systems are analysed, highlighting their potential for targeted therapy in the challenging landscape of colon cancer treatment. Recent advancements in stimuli-responsive nanocomposite technologies are explored, showcasing their ability to achieve site-specific drug release in response to tumor microenvironments. Furthermore, the review discusses preclinical studies assessing the efficacy and safety of these formulations, with an emphasis on their performance in vitro and in vivo. Emerging trends indicate the versatility of phospholipid and triglyceride-based nanocomposites beyond oncological applications, underscoring their potential in other therapeutic areas. Despite significant progress, challenges related to clinical translation, including regulatory hurdles and optimization of pharmacokinetics, remain. This review underscores the necessity for ongoing research to address these challenges and explore the full therapeutic potential of phospholipid and triglyceride-based nanocomposites, paving the way for innovative treatment strategies in colon cancer and beyond.