Persistent olfactory dysfunction as an indicator of cognitive impairment in long COVID-19 syndrome: implications for monitoring and rehabilitation.

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Alna Carolina Mendes Paranhos, Apio Ricardo Nazareth Dias, Erick Antonio Rodrigues Mendes, Emily Vitória Almeida Paixão, Samuel Franco Viana Santos Silva, Lidiane Palheta Miranda Dos Santos, Gisele Vieira Hennemann Koury, Mariângela Moreno Domingues, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma, Givago da Silva Souza, Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão
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Abstract

Background: Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) and cognitive impairment are among the most frequently reported sequelae of long term infection with SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID-19). However, the association between these conditions remains unclear. This study investigated the correlation between OD and cognitive impairment in patients recovering from COVID-19 to identify the implications for therapeutic and rehabilitation strategies.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of adult patients diagnosed with long COVID was conducted at a healthcare centre in Brazil. Olfactory function was assessed using the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Centre (CCCRC) test, and cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical analyses included odds ratios (OR) and linear regression to explore the association between OD severity and cognitive scores, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, and comorbidities.

Results: A total of 241 patients (age: 48.60 ± 12.68 years; 73% female) were included. Cognitive impairment (MoCA < 23) was present in 64% of the participants. OD was identified in 92% of the patients and ranged from mild to anosmia. Linear regression analysis showed a weak yet statistically significant correlation between the CCCRC and MoCA scores (R = 0.14, p = 0.02). An OR of 2.87 (95% CI: 1.57-5.25, p = 0.00) indicated higher odds of cognitive impairment in patients with severe OD.

Discussion: This study supports the hypothesis that there is a weak yet significant association between OD and cognitive impairment in patients with long COVID. These findings underscore the importance of early screening for olfactory dysfunction as a potential marker of cognitive monitoring and the need for intervention in this population.

作为长期COVID-19综合征认知障碍指标的持续性嗅觉功能障碍:对监测和康复的影响
背景:持续性嗅觉功能障碍(OD)和认知障碍是长期感染SARS-CoV-2(长冠状病毒)最常见的后遗症。然而,这些疾病之间的联系尚不清楚。本研究调查了COVID-19康复患者OD与认知障碍之间的相关性,以确定治疗和康复策略的意义。材料和方法:在巴西的一家医疗保健中心对诊断为长冠状病毒的成年患者进行了横断面研究。使用康涅狄格化学感觉临床研究中心(CCCRC)测试评估嗅觉功能,使用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)评估认知表现。统计分析包括比值比(OR)和线性回归,以探索吸毒过量严重程度与认知评分之间的关系,并调整潜在的混杂因素,如年龄、性别和合并症。结果:共纳入241例患者(年龄48.60±12.68岁,女性73%)。讨论:本研究支持长COVID患者OD与认知功能障碍之间存在微弱但显著关联的假设。这些发现强调了嗅觉功能障碍早期筛查作为认知监测的潜在标志的重要性,以及对这一人群进行干预的必要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
4.30%
发文量
154
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The original papers published in the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience deal with all aspects of psychiatry and related clinical neuroscience. Clinical psychiatry, psychopathology, epidemiology as well as brain imaging, neuropathological, neurophysiological, neurochemical and moleculargenetic studies of psychiatric disorders are among the topics covered. Thus both the clinician and the neuroscientist are provided with a handy source of information on important scientific developments.
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