General anesthesia allergy causes and mechanisms.

Abstract

Allergic reactions to general anesthetics, though rare, can lead to severe complications. Genetic predisposition and prior allergic history are key risk factors, but the exact mechanisms remain under investigation. Effective preventive measures, such as pretesting and alternative drug selection, are essential to minimizing risks. The study aims to review the factors and processes underlying the development of allergic reactions to general anesthetics. As part of the study, a literature that contained data on patients undergoing general anesthesia was analyzed to identify cases of allergic reactions and their most probable causes. Available data on genetic factors and the previous allergic status of patients, which may affect the risk of developing an allergic reaction, were addressed. The results of the study showed that the development of allergic reactions during general anesthesia is an infrequent phenomenon, but cases of varying severity (from skin manifestations to anaphylaxis) occur. The analysis identified that genetic factors and a previous allergic status of a patient significantly increase the risk of developing allergies. The study also showed that the mechanisms of allergic reactions include both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent pathways, which requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis. Furthermore, the study determined that several cases of allergic reactions during general anesthesia occurred due to the lack of preventive measures, including pretesting and sensitivity to anesthetic and the use of alternative drugs for patients at high risk of developing allergic reactions. The findings highlight the importance of collaboration among anesthetists, allergists, and surgeons to reduce the risk of allergy and ensure maximum patient safety. The data obtained can significantly impact the development of new protocols for managing allergic reactions and improving preoperative diagnostic methods for patients.