José Nélio de Sousa Sales, Laís Reis Carvalho, Luiz Manoel Sousa Simões, Lucas Araujo Lemos, Matheus Pedroso Vicente, Rafael Resende Rabelo Silva, Luísa Oliveira Orlandi, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, José Camisão de Souza
{"title":"New perspectives and evolution of ovulation synchronization protocols in bovine females.","authors":"José Nélio de Sousa Sales, Laís Reis Carvalho, Luiz Manoel Sousa Simões, Lucas Araujo Lemos, Matheus Pedroso Vicente, Rafael Resende Rabelo Silva, Luísa Oliveira Orlandi, Pietro Sampaio Baruselli, José Camisão de Souza","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0048","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The productivity in livestock systems is related to the reproductive efficiency of herds. Over the years, strategies have been developed to improve the reproductive rates of female cattle. Initially, estrus synchronization protocols were developed, however, difficulties related to prolonged postpartum anestrus and estrus observation resulted in low conception rates in these programs. Subsequently, hormonal associations were used to synchronize ovulation and inseminate female cattle at a predetermined time, eliminating the need for estrus observation and improving the fertility rates of cows in postpartum anestrus. Several adjustments were made to improve the response to a timed-artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in different production systems and animal categories. Finally, the development of recombinant drugs and nanotechnology may optimize production systems. Thus, the objective of this review is to detail the research carried out over the years related to the evolution of TAI protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"22 3","pages":"e20250048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419258/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal Reproduction","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0048","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The productivity in livestock systems is related to the reproductive efficiency of herds. Over the years, strategies have been developed to improve the reproductive rates of female cattle. Initially, estrus synchronization protocols were developed, however, difficulties related to prolonged postpartum anestrus and estrus observation resulted in low conception rates in these programs. Subsequently, hormonal associations were used to synchronize ovulation and inseminate female cattle at a predetermined time, eliminating the need for estrus observation and improving the fertility rates of cows in postpartum anestrus. Several adjustments were made to improve the response to a timed-artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in different production systems and animal categories. Finally, the development of recombinant drugs and nanotechnology may optimize production systems. Thus, the objective of this review is to detail the research carried out over the years related to the evolution of TAI protocols.
期刊介绍：
Animal Reproduction (AR) publishes original scientific papers and invited literature reviews, in the form of Basic Research, Biotechnology, Applied Research and Review Articles, with the goal of contributing to a better understanding of phenomena related to animal reproduction.
The scope of the journal applies to students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of veterinary, biology and animal science, also being of interest to practitioners of human medicine. Animal Reproduction Journal is the official organ of the Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction in Brazil.
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