{"title":"Improved Modular Multiplication Algorithms Using Solely IEEE 754 Binary Floating-Point Operations","authors":"Yukimasa Sugizaki;Daisuke Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/TETC.2025.3582551","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose three modular multiplication algorithms that use only the IEEE 754 binary floating-point operations. Several previous studies have used floating-point operations to perform modular multiplication. However, they considered only positive integers and did not utilize the dedicated sign bit in the floating-point representation. Our first algorithm is an extension of these studies, which are based on Shoup multiplication. By allowing operands to be negative, we increased the maximum supported modulus size by approximately 1.21 times. Our remaining two algorithms are based on Montgomery multiplication for positive and signed integers, respectively. Although these algorithms require more round-to-integral operations, they support a modulus size of up to twice as large as that for Shoup multiplication for positive integers. For processors with relatively low round-to-integral performance, we propose versions of the three algorithms without the round-to-integral operation. Evaluations on four CPUs with different levels of instruction performance show that floating-point-based algorithms, including the proposed algorithms, can be regarded as alternatives to integer-based algorithms for mid-sized moduli, especially when floating-point operations are faster on the processors.","PeriodicalId":13156,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","volume":"13 3","pages":"1259-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059379/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this paper, we propose three modular multiplication algorithms that use only the IEEE 754 binary floating-point operations. Several previous studies have used floating-point operations to perform modular multiplication. However, they considered only positive integers and did not utilize the dedicated sign bit in the floating-point representation. Our first algorithm is an extension of these studies, which are based on Shoup multiplication. By allowing operands to be negative, we increased the maximum supported modulus size by approximately 1.21 times. Our remaining two algorithms are based on Montgomery multiplication for positive and signed integers, respectively. Although these algorithms require more round-to-integral operations, they support a modulus size of up to twice as large as that for Shoup multiplication for positive integers. For processors with relatively low round-to-integral performance, we propose versions of the three algorithms without the round-to-integral operation. Evaluations on four CPUs with different levels of instruction performance show that floating-point-based algorithms, including the proposed algorithms, can be regarded as alternatives to integer-based algorithms for mid-sized moduli, especially when floating-point operations are faster on the processors.
期刊介绍:
IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing publishes papers on emerging aspects of computer science, computing technology, and computing applications not currently covered by other IEEE Computer Society Transactions. Some examples of emerging topics in computing include: IT for Green, Synthetic and organic computing structures and systems, Advanced analytics, Social/occupational computing, Location-based/client computer systems, Morphic computer design, Electronic game systems, & Health-care IT.