Identification of a novel variant in MYRF gene in a patient with 46, XX disorders of sex development.

Abstract

Objective: To expand the clinical phenotype associated with MYRF mutations in disorders of sex development (DSDs).

Methods: We present a case of a 17-year-old patient with a female phenotype who presented with primary amenorrhea.

Results: The patient's external genitalia was entirely female in appearance, though there was no opening of vagina below the orifice of urethra. The karyotype was determined to be 46, XX. Hormonal analysis showed ovarian function failure. Pelvic ultrasound and MRI revealed the absence of visible uterus, cervix, vagina, and bilateral ovaries. Although MRKH syndrome combined with 46, XX pure gonadal dysgenesis was initially suspected, subsequent whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous variation c.1468C > G in the MYRF gene. Further investigations revealed only hypoplasia of Mullerian derivatives and ovaries, along with a malformation of left kidney duplication, as evidence of MYRF deficiency as part of the cardiac-urogenital-diaphragm-lung (CUDL) syndrome.

Conclusion: This case report describes a patient with MYRF-associated 46, XX DSDs, exhibiting atypical or subtle phenotypic features without significant cardiac, pulmonary, or diaphragmatic abnormalities, but with urogenital anomalies including absent uterus, vagina, and ovaries, and left kidney duplication malformation. This expands the clinical phenotype associated with MYRF mutations and identifies MYRF as a novel pathogenic gene for 46, XX DSDs.