Haematological adaptations to high-altitude and heat acclimation training in elite male cyclists.

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI:10.1113/EP092968

Claes Cubel, Magnus B Klaris, Joakim V Larsen, Raphaël Faiss, Lars Nybo, Carsten Lundby

{"title":"Haematological adaptations to high-altitude and heat acclimation training in elite male cyclists.","authors":"Claes Cubel, Magnus B Klaris, Joakim V Larsen, Raphaël Faiss, Lars Nybo, Carsten Lundby","doi":"10.1113/EP092968","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"High-altitude training is widely adopted by endurance athletes with the aim of increasing total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and thereby endurance exercise performance. However, divergent effects on tHbmass and exercise performance have been reported in athletes commencing altitude camps with initial high baseline levels for tHbmass, questioning the efficacy of in-season interventions in elite athletes. Therefore, haematological adaptations and exercise performance were evaluated in 12 elite cyclists completing an in-season 'Live High-Train High' (LHTH) altitude camp (21 days at 3000 m) immediately after participating in the national championships. Additionally, for seven participants, we compared haematological and exercise performance effects with an off-season heat acclimation training (HEAT) intervention (six 1-h sessions per week for 5 weeks). The LHTH resulted in a 3.5 ± 2.0% (P < 0.001, n = 12) increase in tHbmass, with decay to Pre levels 10 days after returning to sea-level. For participants followed for 9 months, the tHbmass effect was comparable to that of the off-season HEAT intervention (5.4 ± 3.9% for HEAT, LHTH vs. HEAT: P = 0.801, n = 7) and baseline levels prior to the interventions were almost identical (965 g Pre-HEAT vs. 960 g Pre-LHTH). Exercise performance and maximal oxygen uptake, tested immediately (2-3 days) and 10 days after LHTH, were not improved, and individual changes were not correlated to any of the haematological parameters assessed. In conclusion, the in-season LHTH training camp effectively increased tHbmass in elite cyclists; however, there was a rapid decay in tHbmass upon return to sea-level and no effect on exercise performance.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Experimental Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092968","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

High-altitude training is widely adopted by endurance athletes with the aim of increasing total haemoglobin mass (tHb_mass) and thereby endurance exercise performance. However, divergent effects on tHb_mass and exercise performance have been reported in athletes commencing altitude camps with initial high baseline levels for tHb_mass, questioning the efficacy of in-season interventions in elite athletes. Therefore, haematological adaptations and exercise performance were evaluated in 12 elite cyclists completing an in-season 'Live High-Train High' (LHTH) altitude camp (21 days at 3000 m) immediately after participating in the national championships. Additionally, for seven participants, we compared haematological and exercise performance effects with an off-season heat acclimation training (HEAT) intervention (six 1-h sessions per week for 5 weeks). The LHTH resulted in a 3.5 ± 2.0% (P < 0.001, n = 12) increase in tHb_mass, with decay to Pre levels 10 days after returning to sea-level. For participants followed for 9 months, the tHb_mass effect was comparable to that of the off-season HEAT intervention (5.4 ± 3.9% for HEAT, LHTH vs. HEAT: P = 0.801, n = 7) and baseline levels prior to the interventions were almost identical (965 g Pre-HEAT vs. 960 g Pre-LHTH). Exercise performance and maximal oxygen uptake, tested immediately (2-3 days) and 10 days after LHTH, were not improved, and individual changes were not correlated to any of the haematological parameters assessed. In conclusion, the in-season LHTH training camp effectively increased tHb_mass in elite cyclists; however, there was a rapid decay in tHb_mass upon return to sea-level and no effect on exercise performance.

查看原文本刊更多论文

优秀男子自行车运动员对高原和热适应训练的血液学适应。

高海拔训练被耐力运动员广泛采用，目的是提高总血红蛋白质量（tHbmass），从而提高耐力运动成绩。然而，据报道，在运动员开始高原训练营时，tHbmass的初始基线水平较高，对tHbmass和运动表现的不同影响，质疑在精英运动员中进行季节干预的有效性。因此，12名优秀的自行车手在参加全国锦标赛后立即完成了季节性的“Live High- train High”（LHTH）高原训练营（3000米21天），对他们的血液学适应和运动表现进行了评估。此外，对于7名参与者，我们比较了淡季热适应训练（heat）干预（每周6次，每次1小时，持续5周）对血液学和运动表现的影响。LHTH产生3.5±2.0% (P)质量，在返回海平面10天后衰减到Pre水平。对于随访9个月的参与者，tHbmass效应与淡季HEAT干预相当（HEAT， LHTH vs HEAT为5.4±3.9%:P = 0.801, n = 7），干预前的基线水平几乎相同（965 g Pre-HEAT vs 960 g Pre-LHTH）。在LHTH后立即（2-3天）和10天测试的运动表现和最大摄氧量没有改善，个体变化与评估的任何血液学参数无关。综上所述，季内LHTH训练营有效增加了精英自行车运动员的tHbmass；然而，在返回海平面后，tHbmass迅速衰减，对运动表现没有影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Experimental Physiology 医学-生理学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

3.70%

发文量

262

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Experimental Physiology publishes research papers that report novel insights into homeostatic and adaptive responses in health, as well as those that further our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in disease. We encourage papers that embrace the journal’s orientation of translation and integration, including studies of the adaptive responses to exercise, acute and chronic environmental stressors, growth and aging, and diseases where integrative homeostatic mechanisms play a key role in the response to and evolution of the disease process. Examples of such diseases include hypertension, heart failure, hypoxic lung disease, endocrine and neurological disorders. We are also keen to publish research that has a translational aspect or clinical application. Comparative physiology work that can be applied to aid the understanding human physiology is also encouraged. Manuscripts that report the use of bioinformatic, genomic, molecular, proteomic and cellular techniques to provide novel insights into integrative physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms are welcomed.