Halogen-confining host materials for high-performance zinc–halogen batteries

IF 39 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Shude Liu, Xue Peng, Yafei Chai, Ming Ma, Huilin Zhang, Jieming Chen, Ling Kang, Bin Ding, Yusuke Yamauchi and Seong Chan Jun
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Abstract

Zinc–halogen batteries hold great promise for grid-scale energy storage owing to their multi-electron transfer capability, abundant halogen resources, low cost and high theoretical voltage and capacity. However, they are still constrained by the sluggish redox kinetics of halogen species and the uncontrollable shuttling of polyhalide intermediates, which compromise energy efficiency and cycling stability. In this regard, the rational design of halogen-confining host materials has emerged as a promising strategy; however, a comprehensive review of this fast-evolving field is still lacking. This tutorial review begins with an overview of configurations and fundamental mechanisms of zinc–halogen batteries, followed by in-depth discussions on their thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics governing halogen reactions. We then critically analyze the key challenges of halogen cathodes and propose a confinement–catalysis–conduction triad to rationalize the design of host materials, elucidating their structure–performance correlations and mechanistic insights across various zinc–halogen battery systems, including Zn–Cl2, Zn–Br2, Zn–I2 and Zn–dual halogen configurations. Furthermore, optimization strategies encompassing rational structural design, surface functionalization, heteroatom doping, engineering of single/dual-atom catalysts and heterostructure engineering are highlighted to promote halogen confinement, accelerate redox kinetics, and facilitate charge transport within halogen-based cathodes. Finally, we provide a concise perspective on existing barriers and emerging opportunities, offering valuable guidance for high-performance zinc–halogen batteries.

Abstract Image

高性能锌-卤素电池的限卤主体材料。
锌卤素电池具有多电子转移能力强、卤素资源丰富、成本低、理论电压和容量高等优点,在电网规模储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,它们仍然受到卤素物种缓慢的氧化还原动力学和多卤化物中间体不可控的穿梭的限制,这损害了能量效率和循环稳定性。在这方面,合理设计卤素抑制主体材料已成为一种很有前途的策略;然而,对这一快速发展领域的全面回顾仍然缺乏。本教程首先概述了锌卤素电池的结构和基本机理,然后深入讨论了其控制卤素反应的热力学和动力学特性。然后,我们批判性地分析了卤素阴极的主要挑战,并提出了一个约束-催化-传导三元组来合理化主体材料的设计,阐明了它们在各种锌-卤素电池系统中的结构-性能相关性和机理见解,包括Zn-Cl2, Zn-Br2, Zn-I2和zn -双卤素配置。此外,优化策略包括合理的结构设计,表面功能化,杂原子掺杂,单/双原子催化剂工程和异质结构工程,以促进卤素约束,加速氧化还原动力学,促进卤素基阴极内的电荷传输。最后,我们对现有的障碍和新兴的机会给出了简明的观点,为高性能锌卤素电池的发展提供了有价值的指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Chemical Society Reviews
Chemical Society Reviews 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
80.80
自引率
1.10%
发文量
345
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: Chemical Society Reviews is published by: Royal Society of Chemistry. Focus: Review articles on topics of current interest in chemistry; Predecessors: Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society (1947–1971); Current title: Since 1971; Impact factor: 60.615 (2021); Themed issues: Occasional themed issues on new and emerging areas of research in the chemical sciences
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