A longitudinal cohort study describing childhood type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence rates in British Columbia, Canada over 27 years (1997–2023)

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetic Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1111/dme.70133

Shazhan Amed, Jeffrey N. Bone, Shreya B. Kishore, Qian Zhang, Joseph Leung

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Abstract

Aims

Our study described incidence and prevalence trends of type 1 diabetes in children and youth under 20 years of age from 1997 to 2023 in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) and assessed for a 4-, 5-, or 6-year cyclicity or increase in incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Using linked population-level databases and a validated case-finding and diabetes differentiating algorithm, we identified children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1997 and 2023. Data sources included hospital admissions, outpatient physician visits, and dispensed prescriptions. Population denominators were based on annual age- and sex-stratified population estimates. We calculated incidence per 100,000 and prevalence per 100 cases, using JoinPoint regression to identify trend changes. Cyclical patterns were tested using sine and cosine terms.

Results

From 1997 to 2023, the incidence of paediatric type 1 diabetes increased markedly until 2008 and then declined very gradually, with similar patterns across age and sex. Incidence was higher in boys, highest among children aged 5 to 14 years, and lowest in those aged 15 to 19 years. After 2012, prevalent cases stabilized in those under 10 and decreased in those over 10 years old. There was no evidence of cyclical trends or changes in incidence or prevalence during or after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions/Interpretation

We report a stabilization of type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence, along with the absence of pandemic-related increases. These trends may in part reflect demographic changes in British Columbia's paediatric population, including a growing proportion of children from immigrant backgrounds with historically lower type 1 diabetes risk. Unfortunately, our data sources do not include ethnicity, limiting our ability to explore these patterns directly. This study will support the optimization of resource allocation and inform healthcare improvement and long-term management of childhood type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Image

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一项描述加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省27年（1997-2023）儿童1型糖尿病发病率和患病率的纵向队列研究。

目的：我们的研究描述了1997年至2023年加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC） 20岁以下儿童和青少年1型糖尿病的发病率和流行趋势，并评估了COVID-19大流行期间4年、5年或6年的发病率周期或发病率增加。方法：使用关联的人群水平数据库和经过验证的病例发现和糖尿病区分算法，我们确定了1997年至2023年间诊断为1型糖尿病的儿童。数据来源包括医院入院情况、门诊医生就诊情况和配发的处方。人口分母基于按年龄和性别分层的年度人口估计。我们计算了每100,000例的发病率和每100例的患病率，使用JoinPoint回归来确定趋势变化。循环模式测试使用正弦和余弦项。结果：从1997年到2023年，儿童1型糖尿病的发病率显著上升，直到2008年才逐渐下降，不同年龄和性别的发病率模式相似。男孩发病率较高，5至14岁儿童发病率最高，15至19岁儿童发病率最低。2012年以后，流行病例在10岁以下人群中趋于稳定，在10岁以上人群中有所下降。在COVID-19大流行期间或之后，没有证据表明发病率或流行率存在周期性趋势或变化。结论/解释：我们报告了1型糖尿病发病率和患病率的稳定，同时没有与大流行相关的增加。这些趋势可能在一定程度上反映了不列颠哥伦比亚省儿科人口的变化，包括移民背景的儿童比例越来越高，历史上患1型糖尿病的风险较低。不幸的是，我们的数据源不包括种族，限制了我们直接探索这些模式的能力。本研究将支持资源的优化配置，为儿童1型糖尿病的保健改善和长期管理提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetic Medicine 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

229

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Diabetic Medicine, the official journal of Diabetes UK, is published monthly simultaneously, in print and online editions. The journal publishes a range of key information on all clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus, ranging from human genetic studies through clinical physiology and trials to diabetes epidemiology. We do not publish original animal or cell culture studies unless they are part of a study of clinical diabetes involving humans. Categories of publication include research articles, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and correspondence. All material is peer-reviewed. We aim to disseminate knowledge about diabetes research with the goal of improving the management of people with diabetes. The journal therefore seeks to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between clinicians and researchers worldwide. Topics covered are of importance to all healthcare professionals working with people with diabetes, whether in primary care or specialist services. Surplus generated from the sale of Diabetic Medicine is used by Diabetes UK to know diabetes better and fight diabetes more effectively on behalf of all people affected by and at risk of diabetes as well as their families and carers.”