Reproductive performance and fertility traits in Madrasin cattle: The influence of growth differentiation factor-9 gene expression on reproductive tract size, cervical mucus characteristics, and fertility rate.

IF 2 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Veterinary World Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2025.1799-1806
Budi Utomo, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Rochmah Kurnijasanti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aim: The growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) gene is recognized as a critical regulator of ovarian function and fertility in cattle. However, its role in crossbred populations, particularly Madrasin cattle (Madura × Simmental cross), remains underexplored. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of fertility traits in this crossbreed could provide valuable insights for improving reproductive efficiency in Indonesia's livestock sector. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GDF-9 gene expression and reproductive traits, specifically reproductive tract size (RTS), cervical mucus characteristics, and fertility rate, in Madrasin cows.

Materials and methods: A total of 20 Madrasin cows (aged 2-5 years) were evaluated. GDF-9 expression levels were assessed through polymerase chain reaction, and samples were categorized into "Strong Expression" (G1) and "Dimmed Expression" (G2) groups based on amplicon band intensity. Reproductive tract dimensions were recorded through rectal palpation, while cervical mucus quality was analyzed using five parameters: appearance, viscosity, spinnbarkeit, pH, and fern pattern. Fertility was determined by the non-return rate (NRR) following artificial insemination. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results: Cows in the strong GDF-9 expression group exhibited significantly larger uterine horn diameters and greater ovarian height than the dimmed group (p < 0.05). Cervical mucus from G1 animals displayed higher scores in appearance and spinnbarkeit, although only appearance was statistically significant. NRR was notably higher in G1 (p < 0.05), suggesting enhanced fertility in cows with elevated GDF-9 expression.

Conclusion: GDF-9 gene expression in Madrasin cattle is positively associated with RTS and fertility-related cervical mucus characteristics. These findings suggest that GDF-9 could serve as a promising genetic marker for improving fertility and breeding outcomes in crossbred cattle populations. However, the study's limited sample size and exclusion of environmental factors warrant further investigation to validate the utility of GDF-9 in broader genetic selection strategies.

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生长分化因子-9基因表达对马德拉萨牛生殖道大小、宫颈粘液特征和生育率的影响
背景与目的:生长分化因子-9 (GDF-9)基因被认为是牛卵巢功能和生育能力的关键调控因子。然而,它在杂交种群中的作用,特别是Madrasin牛(Madura × Simmental杂交),仍未得到充分探索。了解这种杂交品种生育性状的遗传基础可以为提高印度尼西亚畜牧业的繁殖效率提供有价值的见解。本研究旨在探讨GDF-9基因表达与Madrasin奶牛生殖性状,特别是生殖道大小(RTS)、宫颈粘液特征和生育率的关系。材料与方法:选取20头2 ~ 5岁的马德拉斯奶牛进行评价。通过聚合酶链反应评估GDF-9的表达水平,并根据扩增子带强度将样品分为“强表达”(G1)和“暗表达”(G2)组。通过直肠触诊记录生殖道尺寸,同时通过外观、粘度、纺丝结、pH值和蕨类植物模式等5个参数分析宫颈粘液质量。通过人工授精后的不还款率(NRR)来确定生育力。统计学分析采用方差分析,显著性阈值p < 0.05。结果:GDF-9强表达组奶牛的子宫角直径和卵巢高度显著大于弱表达组(p < 0.05)。G1动物的宫颈粘液在外观和纺丝性能上得分较高,尽管只有外观具有统计学意义。G1期NRR显著升高(p < 0.05),表明GDF-9表达升高能提高奶牛的生育能力。结论:GDF-9基因在马德拉斯牛中的表达与RTS和生育相关的宫颈粘液特征呈正相关。这些发现表明,GDF-9可以作为一种有希望的遗传标记,用于提高杂交牛群体的生育力和育种结果。然而,该研究的样本量有限,并且排除了环境因素,因此需要进一步研究以验证GDF-9在更广泛的遗传选择策略中的效用。
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来源期刊
Veterinary World
Veterinary World Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
317
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary World publishes high quality papers focusing on Veterinary and Animal Science. The fields of study are bacteriology, parasitology, pathology, virology, immunology, mycology, public health, biotechnology, meat science, fish diseases, nutrition, gynecology, genetics, wildlife, laboratory animals, animal models of human infections, prion diseases and epidemiology. Studies on zoonotic and emerging infections are highly appreciated. Review articles are highly appreciated. All articles published by Veterinary World are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles to Veterinary World are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.
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