Air-test for assessing gas exchange and the potential benefit of alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in anaesthetized dogs.

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010

Ignacio Sández, Pablo A Donati, Diego A Portela, Joaquín Araos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To determine the use of Air-Test in ventilated, anaesthetized dogs for evaluating oxygen uptake and to determine its potential utility in guiding the decision to perform an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animals: A total of 25 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.

Methods: Dogs were included if volume-controlled ventilation was performed, the dogs underwent an Air-Test and reliable haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) readings ≥ 99% with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO₂) 0.5 were available. Exclusion criteria included laparoscopic surgery, patient-ventilator asynchrony or haemodynamic instability. The Air-Test consisted of a reduction in FiO₂ to 0.21 for 4 minutes while monitoring SpO₂. A positive Air-Test result was defined as SpO₂ < 96% during this period. Positive cases underwent sustained inflation ARMs with adjustments to positive end-expiratory pressure. Haemodynamic variables, gas exchange and static compliance (C_st) were recorded pre-Air-Test, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was calculated offline. Data from dogs with positive and negative Air-Test results were compared and they are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.

Results: Of 835 records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Positive Air-Tests occurred in 10 dogs (40%) and negative in 15 (60%). The baseline PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was 364 ± 39.6 mmHg (48.4 ± 5.1 kPa) and 510 ± 65 mmHg (67.8 ± 8.6 kPa) in the Air-Test-positive and -negative animals, respectively (p < 0.001). The C_st and PaO₂/FiO₂ increased significantly after ARM in Air-Test-positive dogs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). No differences were observed in the remaining variables.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: A positive Air-Test was associated with a lower PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and in these dogs, an ARM was associated with increased C_st and PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, indicating the potential of this noninvasive technique for assessing oxygenation and monitoring changes in response to ARM in mechanically ventilated dogs.

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评估麻醉犬肺泡恢复运动的气体交换和潜在益处的空气试验。

目的：确定在通气、麻醉犬中使用Air-Test来评估摄氧量，并确定其在指导决定进行肺泡恢复运动（ARM）方面的潜在效用。研究设计：回顾性队列研究。动物：共有25只客户拥有的狗接受全身麻醉。方法：采用容积控制通气的犬入组，进行空气测试，获得可靠的血红蛋白氧饱和度(SpO2)≥99%，吸入氧分数（FiO2） 0.5。排除标准包括腹腔镜手术、患者-呼吸机不同步或血流动力学不稳定。空气测试包括在监测SpO2的同时将FiO2降低到0.21，持续4分钟。在此期间，空气测试结果为阳性，SpO2 < 96%。阳性病例接受持续的通货膨胀ARMs并调整呼气末正压。记录血液动力学变量、气体交换和静态顺应性（Cst），离线计算PaO2/FiO2比值。对空气测试阳性和阴性犬的数据进行比较，以均数±标准差表示；P < 0.05。结果：835例中，25例符合纳入标准。空气试验阳性10只（40%），阴性15只（60%）。air - test阳性和阴性动物PaO2/FiO2基线比值分别为364±39.6 mmHg（48.4±5.1 kPa）和510±65 mmHg(67.8±8.6 kPa) （p < 0.001）。air - test阳性犬在ARM后Cst和PaO2/FiO2显著升高（p < 0.001和p = 0.02）。其余变量未见差异。结论和临床意义：Air-Test阳性与较低的PaO2/FiO2比值相关，在这些狗中，ARM与Cst和PaO2/FiO2比值升高相关，表明这种无创技术在机械通气犬中评估氧合和监测ARM反应变化的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

17.60%

发文量

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome: the basic sciences; pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management equipment intensive care chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals welfare issues associated with pain and distress education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.