[Aspects of psychological work with organ transplant patients].

Abstract

Organ transplantation is a complex process that is both physically and psychologically demanding. The success of intervention is determined not only by medical factors, but also by the role of the psychologist as a key member of the multidisciplinary team throughout the transplantation process. From the moment of diagnosis to rehabilitation, the psychologist supports patients in coping, adapting, and maintaining psychological well-being. They provide assistance in managing the changed life situation, dealing with illness, improving quality of life, and facilitating the psychological integration of the transplanted organ. Throughout the different phases – waiting, surgery, and the postoperative period – depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and non-adherent behaviors are common and can adversely affect prognosis, graft survival, and overall quality of life. The psychologist plays a central role in identifying and addressing adherence and compliance issues and also provides psychological support to family members, particularly in cases of living donor transplantation. Psychosocial factors – such as the patient’s ability to cooperate, social support, health behaviors, and presence of psychiatric disorders – should be assessed before transplantation. Common therapeutic topics include altered body image, graft integration, fear of rejection, and unrealistic expectations related to the transplant. Psychological preparation, psychoeducation, crisis intervention, and targeted psychotherapeutic tools (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, low-intensity psychological interventions) contribute significantly to enhancing autonomy, perceived control, treatment success, and long-term quality of life. The comprehensive presence of psychological support is therefore crucial throughout the entire organ transplantation process for both patients and their families. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the psychologist’s role in transplant care, based on international guidelines and current research, with particular emphasis on the clinical relevance of psychological factors, the promotion of adherence, and the impact of psychosocial interventions on the quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(36): 1420–1430.