Estrogen therapy in patients with gynecologic cancer: a survey of gynecologists and oncologists in the United States.

Abstract

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) affect women of all ages, and the incidence of endometrial cancer in premenopausal women is rising. Menopause can be detrimental to longevity and quality of life, but evidence suggests estrogen therapy (ET) is safe in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practice patterns of gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists (GYO) in the United States in regards to prescription of ET to gynecologic cancer patients. It was hypothesized that ET is underused in this population.

Methods: In 2024, a web-based survey was administered through email or postcard mailer to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Participants were asked demographic questions and whether they provide ET for patients with a history of EC, EOC, and cervical cancer.

Results: A total of 293 participants answered questions about at least one type of cancer. When asked if willing to provide ET, 63.82% (187/293) selected "yes" for EC, 65.19% (176/270) for EOC, and 96.8% (274/283) for cervical cancer. Due to lack of heterogeneity, cervical cancer was omitted from analysis. Gynecologic oncology providers were more likely than OBGYNs to prescribe ET for EC (P = 0.0006) and EOC patients (P = 0.0009). Those in practice for 10 or more years (P = 0.022), or who identified as male (P = 0.019), were more likely to prescribe ET to EC patients. Of those who do not prescribe ET, the most common reasons were belief that hormones are contraindicated, better options exist, and risk outweighs benefits. These options were selected more frequently by OBGYNs than GYOs.

Conclusion: Many gynecologists, and some gynecologic oncologists, are uncomfortable prescribing hormone therapy to patients with a history of endometrial or epithelial ovarian cancer, despite evidence suggesting its safety. This indicates a need for clinician education to ensure patients are counseled appropriately about options for treating menopausal symptoms.