Continuous-flow-enabled intensification in nitration processes: a review of technological developments and practical applications over the past decade.

IF 2.1 4区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3762/bjoc.21.132

Feng Zhou, Chuansong Duanmu, Yanxing Li, Jin Li, Haiqing Xu, Pan Wang, Kai Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flow chemistry technology has demonstrated significant potential in advancing the green transformation of the chemical industry while enhancing inherent process safety. Safety, cost-effectiveness, and operational efficiency serve as pivotal drivers for advancing flow chemistry in nitration processes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the continuous-flow nitration technology - a process historically recognized as one of the most hazardous industrial operations - focusing on its technological advancements in process design, reaction kinetics characterization, and practical implementation over the past decade. Detailed discussions encompass system configuration strategies, critical process parameters and operating ranges, performance evaluation metrics, universal methodologies for kinetics analysis, safety assessment protocols, and scale-up approaches. The presented content aims to offer actionable guidance for researchers and engineers engaged in the development of continuous-flow nitration systems.

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连续流强化硝化过程：回顾过去十年的技术发展和实际应用。

流动化学技术在推进化工行业绿色转型的同时，增强了固有的过程安全性，显示出巨大的潜力。安全性、成本效益和操作效率是推进硝化过程流动化学的关键驱动因素。本文对连续流硝化技术进行了全面分析，重点介绍了过去十年来连续流硝化技术在工艺设计、反应动力学表征和实际应用方面的技术进步。连续流硝化技术历来被认为是最危险的工业操作之一。详细的讨论包括系统配置策略、关键工艺参数和操作范围、性能评估指标、动力学分析的通用方法、安全评估协议和放大方法。提出的内容旨在为从事连续流硝化系统开发的研究人员和工程师提供可操作的指导。

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来源期刊

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

167

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： The Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry is an international, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal. It provides a unique platform for rapid publication without any charges (free for author and reader) – Platinum Open Access. The content is freely accessible 365 days a year to any user worldwide. Articles are available online immediately upon publication and are publicly archived in all major repositories. In addition, it provides a platform for publishing thematic issues (theme-based collections of articles) on topical issues in organic chemistry. The journal publishes high quality research and reviews in all areas of organic chemistry, including organic synthesis, organic reactions, natural product chemistry, structural investigations, supramolecular chemistry and chemical biology.