Pramod Jadhav, Prakash Bhuyar, Abu Hasnat Mustafa, Izan Izwan Misnon, Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim, Rasidi Roslan
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction (NR) is a promising pathway for sustainable ammonia (NH3) production, crucial for reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. Various methods and advanced materials have been used to accelerate the NR reaction rate. However, the long-term sustainability and economic feasibility of many catalytic materials remain insufficiently studied. This review examines the roles of various catalysts, including metal-based, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysts, in facilitating NR reactions. The integration of advanced materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and photocatalytic nanoparticles, is discussed for their potential to enhance catalytic efficiency. The review highlights the importance of life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) in evaluating the environmental and economic feasibility of NR processes. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with green synthesis methods and large-scale application of MOFs. Future directions emphasise the need for interdisciplinary research, artificial intelligence (AI) advancements, and innovative energy storage solutions. This comprehensive analysis aims to guide the development of efficient, scalable, and sustainable NR technologies for a carbon–neutral future.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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