Electrochemical Performance of Magnesium-Doped Strontium Carbonate Nanoparticles for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

This work presents a comprehensive study of the synthesis, structural, and electrochemical characterization of pure and magnesium-doped strontium carbonate (SrCO₃) nanoparticles. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the orthorhombic phase of SrCO₃ and the presence of MgO in the doped samples. Crystallite sizes and lattice strains were determined using the Debye–Scherrer and Williamson–Hall equations, revealing compressive strain in pure SrCO₃ and significant structural changes with Mg doping. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed rod-like SrCO₃ particles, which diminished in size with increased Mg content. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) confirmed the elemental composition, showing enhanced oxygen content with Mg doping. Raman spectroscopy identified shifts in vibrational modes due to Mg addition. Electrochemical performance, investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV), revealed that lower Mg doping (3%) enhanced specific capacitance at low scan rates and current densities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed increased resistive behavior and capacitive properties with higher Mg content, while open circuit potential (OCP) analysis indicated improved electrochemical stability in Mg-doped samples. The results demonstrate the potential of Mg-doped SrCO₃ for applications requiring enhanced electrochemical performance.