The mechanism of Bacillus subtilis to guarantee the safe utilization of brackish water by improving soil physical properties and cotton production

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109793

Yanpeng Bi , Beibei Zhou , Peiqi Ren , Shaoxiong Yao , Xiaopeng Chen , Xiaolong Yang , Piaohua Yu , Manli Duan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Although brackish water (BW) irrigation alleviates freshwater (FW) scarcity in arid regions, it risks soil salinization, deterioration of soil physical properties, and productivity decline. The application of Bacillus subtilis has great potential in reducing these potential risks, but the specific effects and mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in cotton cultivation within arid regions of Xinjiang, China, we established two irrigations (FW and BW) and two Bacillus subtilis application rates (0 and 45 kg·ha⁻¹) to explore the feasibility of promoting the safe utilization of BW by applying Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis could effectively reduce soil salinity and enhance the stability of soil water-stable aggregate (WSA), thereby achieving the optimization of soil water holding characteristics. Notably, Bacillus subtilis enhanced the resistance of soil physical properties to the adverse effects of BW irrigation, which is conducive to forming a long-acting protection. On this basis, the Bacillus subtilis increased the SPAD, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and total biomass of cotton; reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in cotton leaves, This ultimately increased the seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 3.33 %-5.04 % and 1.81–7.52 %, respectively, ensuring the safety and economic benefits of cotton production under BW irrigation. In the structure and function of microbial community, we found that under the application of Bacillus subtilis, the soil main biomarkers of FW and BW irrigations were Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadota, respectively. Moreover, the increase in bacterial community evenness and total abundance of predominant bacterial phyla, as well as the function enhancement of carbohydrate and amino acid biosynthesis, are the key drivers for Bacillus subtilis to achieve the improvement of soil quality and cotton production. In summary, this study demonstrated the effectiveness and clarified key mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis in guaranteeing the safe utilization of BW, providing a feasible solution for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions.

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枯草芽孢杆菌通过改善土壤物理性质和棉花生产保障苦咸水安全利用的机理

微咸水灌溉虽然缓解了干旱区淡水资源的短缺，但存在土壤盐碱化、土壤物理性质恶化和生产力下降的风险。枯草芽孢杆菌的应用在降低这些潜在风险方面具有很大的潜力，但具体的作用和机制尚不清楚。因此，在新疆干旱区棉花种植中，我们建立了两种灌水量（FW和BW）和两种枯草芽孢杆菌施用量（0和45 kg·ha−1），探索枯草芽孢杆菌促进BW安全利用的可行性。结果表明，枯草芽孢杆菌能有效降低土壤盐分，提高土壤水稳性团聚体（WSA）的稳定性，从而实现土壤持水特性的优化。值得注意的是，枯草芽孢杆菌增强了土壤物理性质对BW灌溉不利影响的抵抗力，有利于形成长效保护。在此基础上，枯草芽孢杆菌提高了棉花的SPAD、净光合速率（Pn）和总生物量；降低棉花叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量，最终使籽棉产量和水分利用效率（WUE）分别提高3.33 % ~ 5.04 %和1.81 ~ 7.52 %，保证了BW灌溉条件下棉花生产的安全和经济效益。在微生物群落结构和功能方面，我们发现在枯草芽孢杆菌的施用下，FW和BW灌溉土壤的主要生物标志物分别是变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和双胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）。此外，细菌群落均匀度和优势菌门总丰度的增加以及碳水化合物和氨基酸生物合成功能的增强是枯草芽孢杆菌实现土壤质量和棉花产量改善的关键驱动因素。综上所述，本研究证明了枯草芽孢杆菌在保证生物制品安全利用方面的有效性，并阐明了关键机制，为干旱区农业可持续发展提供了可行的解决方案。

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来源期刊

Agricultural Water Management 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

14.90%

发文量

648

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： Agricultural Water Management publishes papers of international significance relating to the science, economics, and policy of agricultural water management. In all cases, manuscripts must address implications and provide insight regarding agricultural water management.