Technologies and emerging trends in wearable biosensing.

Abstract

This chapter examines advancements and future trajectories in wearable biosensing technologies, a multidisciplinary field encompassing healthcare, materials science, and information technology. Wearable biosensors are revolutionizing real-time physiological and biochemical monitoring with applications in personalized health monitoring, disease diagnosis, fitness, and therapeutic interventions. In addition to Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless connectivity technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and 5G, which facilitate transparent remote monitoring and data exchange, other notable innovations such as machine learning and artificial intelligence enhance real-time processing of data, predictive analytics, and personalized healthcare solutions. While lab-on-skin technologies support non-invasive continuous diagnostics, nanomaterials such as graphene and quantum dots have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and efficiency of sensors. Future developments will address multimodal sensor systems for comprehensive health monitoring, augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) integration, and sustainable and self-healing biosensors. However, challenges related to scalability, commercialization, and environmentally conscious design persist. Significant case studies on diabetic management through continuous glucose monitoring and workplace stress monitoring conclude the chapter, highlighting the transformative potential of wearable biosensors in occupational health and healthcare.