Javier Torres-Borrego, Javier Suárez-Pérez, Yolanda Aliaga-Mazas, Ana Martínez-Cañavate Burgos, Santiago Nevot-Falcó
{"title":"Allergy to <i>Alternaria alternata</i>: Comprehensive review from the origin to the therapeutic approach.","authors":"Javier Torres-Borrego, Javier Suárez-Pérez, Yolanda Aliaga-Mazas, Ana Martínez-Cañavate Burgos, Santiago Nevot-Falcó","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1454","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alternaria alternata</i> is an ubiquitous mold commonly found in both outdoor and indoor environments. It is a common airborne mold recognized as a significant aeroallergen linked to pediatric allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although sensitization rates in children vary regionally, evidence suggests that <i>A. alternata</i> allergy significantly impacts pediatric respiratory health and as its exposure worsens, respiratory outcomes in susceptible pediatric populations <i>Alternaria</i>. Children are especially vulnerable due to their developing immune and respiratory systems and greater exposure to environmental allergens. This narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge on <i>A. alternata</i> as an allergenic source in children, including its biology, allergenic components (especially Alt a 1), interactions with immune system, airway epithelium interacting with other allergens, and clinical relevance. We also discuss the allergen-specific immunotherapy strategies with standardized extracts that are effective and safe in pediatric patients. Understanding the role of <i>Alternaria</i> in allergic disease is essential for early and accurate diagnosis (including component-resolved methods), effective intervention, and improving long-term outcomes in affected children. Future research should focus on novel vaccine technologies and standardized pediatric-specific treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1454","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is an ubiquitous mold commonly found in both outdoor and indoor environments. It is a common airborne mold recognized as a significant aeroallergen linked to pediatric allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although sensitization rates in children vary regionally, evidence suggests that A. alternata allergy significantly impacts pediatric respiratory health and as its exposure worsens, respiratory outcomes in susceptible pediatric populations Alternaria. Children are especially vulnerable due to their developing immune and respiratory systems and greater exposure to environmental allergens. This narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge on A. alternata as an allergenic source in children, including its biology, allergenic components (especially Alt a 1), interactions with immune system, airway epithelium interacting with other allergens, and clinical relevance. We also discuss the allergen-specific immunotherapy strategies with standardized extracts that are effective and safe in pediatric patients. Understanding the role of Alternaria in allergic disease is essential for early and accurate diagnosis (including component-resolved methods), effective intervention, and improving long-term outcomes in affected children. Future research should focus on novel vaccine technologies and standardized pediatric-specific treatment protocols.
期刊介绍:
Founded in 1972 by Professor A. Oehling, Allergologia et Immunopathologia is a forum for those working in the field of pediatric asthma, allergy and immunology. Manuscripts related to clinical, epidemiological and experimental allergy and immunopathology related to childhood will be considered for publication. Allergologia et Immunopathologia is the official journal of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP) and also of the Latin American Society of Immunodeficiencies (LASID). It has and independent international Editorial Committee which submits received papers for peer-reviewing by international experts. The journal accepts original and review articles from all over the world, together with consensus statements from the aforementioned societies. Occasionally, the opinion of an expert on a burning topic is published in the "Point of View" section. Letters to the Editor on previously published papers are welcomed. Allergologia et Immunopathologia publishes 6 issues per year and is included in the major databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, etc.