Antituberculosis drug-induced hypersensitivity: clinical characteristics and risk factors.

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 ALLERGY

Allergologia et immunopathologia Pub Date : 2025-09-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.15586/aei.v53i5.1427

Zeynep Yegin Katran, İsmet Bulut, Aylin Babalık, Metin Keren, Fatma Merve Tepetam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Antituberculosis drugs can cause hypersensitivity reactions that interrupt treatment and increase morbidity. Early identification and management are essential to prevent complications and drug resistance.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of antituberculosis drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral center.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 449 patients hospitalized for antituberculosis drug-induced hypersensitivity between 2015 and 2024. A control group of 478 tuberculosis patients without hypersensitivity was included. Demographic features, comorbidities, hypersensitivity types, causative drugs, and treatment outcomes were compared.

Results: The prevalence of hypersensitivity was 12.1%. Female gender, older age, Turkish nationality, and history of other drug allergies were significant risk factors. Type 1 reactions (77.7%) were more common and associated with shorter treatment interruption and higher cure rates. Pyrazinamide was the most frequently implicated drug. Desensitization was successful in the majority of patients.

Conclusion: This large cohort study highlights key risk factors and clinical outcomes in tuberculosis drug hypersensitivity. Close monitoring of high-risk patients in the early treatment phase may reduce delays and improve outcomes.

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抗结核药物致超敏反应：临床特点及危险因素。

背景：抗结核药物可引起超敏反应，中断治疗并增加发病率。早期识别和管理对于预防并发症和耐药至关重要。目的：评价某三级转诊中心10年来抗结核药物致过敏反应的临床特点、危险因素和结局。方法：回顾性分析2015 - 2024年住院的449例抗结核药物致过敏患者。对照组为478例无超敏反应的肺结核患者。比较人口统计学特征、合并症、过敏类型、致病药物和治疗结果。结果：超敏反应发生率为12.1%。女性、年龄较大、土耳其国籍和其他药物过敏史是重要的危险因素。1型反应（77.7%）更为常见，并且与较短的治疗中断和较高的治愈率相关。吡嗪酰胺是最常涉及的药物。大多数患者脱敏成功。结论：这项大型队列研究突出了结核病药物过敏的关键危险因素和临床结果。在早期治疗阶段密切监测高危患者可以减少延误并改善结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Allergologia et immunopathologia 医学-过敏

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

131

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Founded in 1972 by Professor A. Oehling, Allergologia et Immunopathologia is a forum for those working in the field of pediatric asthma, allergy and immunology. Manuscripts related to clinical, epidemiological and experimental allergy and immunopathology related to childhood will be considered for publication. Allergologia et Immunopathologia is the official journal of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP) and also of the Latin American Society of Immunodeficiencies (LASID). It has and independent international Editorial Committee which submits received papers for peer-reviewing by international experts. The journal accepts original and review articles from all over the world, together with consensus statements from the aforementioned societies. Occasionally, the opinion of an expert on a burning topic is published in the "Point of View" section. Letters to the Editor on previously published papers are welcomed. Allergologia et Immunopathologia publishes 6 issues per year and is included in the major databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, etc.