Exploration of Comprehensive Structural and Functional Potential of Recombinant Proteins Using Cutting-Edge Bioinformatics Tools.

Abstract

Recombinant DNA technology is widely used to produce industrially and pharmaceutically important proteins. In silico analysis, performed before executing wet lab experiments has been greatly helpful in this connection. A shift in protein analysis has been observed over the past decade, driven by advancements in bioinformatics databases, tools, software, and web servers. Several bioinformatics tools and resources are available for predicting a protein's structural and functional relationship. Insights into the proteins' structure and function are important for drug discovery, development, and enhancing the suitability of the recombinant enzymes/proteins for industrial applications. This review compares and discusses various computational tools that provide structural and functional insights into recombinant proteins, including genome mining, sequence alignment, topological arrangement, physicochemical properties, including solubility and stability, site-directed mutagenesis, protein design and engineering, ligand binding interactions through molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. This comparative study explores the utilisation of different computational tools, software, and web servers with their principles, algorithms, and outcomes. This document would be a milestone for the scientists to select suitable computational approaches to plan and improve the outcome for achieving the desired targets.