Tides Boost Primary Production in the Indian Ocean

IF 5.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
S. J. Ditkovsky, L. Resplandy
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Abstract

Tides are a critical source of energy and influence transport in the ocean, with potential implications for biogeochemical cycling and biological production. Here, we quantify the influence of tides on nutrient transport and primary production in the northern Indian Ocean, where topographic features generate hotspots of tidal processes and primary production supports important regional food supply via aquaculture and fisheries. Using a high-resolution regional ocean model, we investigate the effects of diabatic tidal mixing (i.e., irreversible mixing that stirs nutrients) and adiabatic motions associated with internal tides (i.e., reversible motions that shift water masses without mixing) on primary production. We find that tides increase regional primary production by 5% on average, with seasonal increases reaching up to 10%–15% in open ocean regions and 30% in coastal regions. Tidal mixing sets the magnitude of tide-driven production by supplying nutrients to the euphotic zone, and controls the contrast between the stronger coastal response and milder open ocean response. Background stratification and nutricline depth control the seasonality in tide-driven production at a given location: tides accelerate the onset and delay termination of blooms in productive regions (e.g., Arabian Sea) and reinforce bloom peak in less productive regions (e.g., Bay of Bengal). Adiabatic motions have only a small effect, indicating that tidal influences can be effectively parameterized in global models without costly high spatio-temporal resolution and explicit tidal forcing. We discuss the influence of tidal mixing on biogeochemistry beyond primary production and how it may change in a warmer and more stratified ocean.

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潮汐促进了印度洋的初级生产
潮汐是能源的重要来源,影响海洋的运输,对生物地球化学循环和生物生产具有潜在影响。在这里,我们量化了潮汐对北印度洋营养物质运输和初级生产的影响,那里的地形特征产生了潮汐过程的热点,初级生产通过水产养殖和渔业支持重要的区域粮食供应。利用高分辨率区域海洋模型,我们研究了绝热潮汐混合(即,搅拌营养物的不可逆混合)和与内部潮汐相关的绝热运动(即,在不混合的情况下转移水团的可逆运动)对初级生产的影响。研究发现,潮汐使区域初级生产平均增加5%,其中开阔海域的季节性增加可达10%-15%,沿海地区的季节性增加可达30%。潮汐混合通过向光带提供营养物质来确定潮汐驱动生产的大小,并控制强烈的沿海反应和温和的公海反应之间的对比。背景层化和营养线深度控制了特定地点潮汐驱动生产的季节性:潮汐加速了生产区域(如阿拉伯海)华的开始和延迟了华的结束,并加强了生产较少区域(如孟加拉湾)的华高峰。绝热运动只有很小的影响,这表明潮汐影响可以在全球模式中有效地参数化,而不需要昂贵的高时空分辨率和明确的潮汐强迫。我们讨论了潮汐混合对初级生产之外的生物地球化学的影响,以及它如何在更温暖和更分层的海洋中变化。
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来源期刊
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
141
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC) features research on regional to global biogeochemical interactions, as well as more local studies that demonstrate fundamental implications for biogeochemical processing at regional or global scales. Published papers draw on a wide array of methods and knowledge and extend in time from the deep geologic past to recent historical and potential future interactions. This broad scope includes studies that elucidate human activities as interactive components of biogeochemical cycles and physical Earth Systems including climate. Authors are required to make their work accessible to a broad interdisciplinary range of scientists.
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