Recent Developments on Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitters Using Composite Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

This review article describes the development of various electrochemical sensors via morphologically diverse transition metal-oxides (TMO) and carbon-based materials (Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and carbon paste electrode (CPE) materials) for the analysis of neurotransmitters. Analysis of brain problems is particularly challenging for the medical community; hence, identifying and finding relevant neurological diseases is a critical one. Electrochemical approaches over TMO-modified electrodes have seemed like a good methods for analysing neurotransmitters. This review aims to determine the latest developments prepared in the TMO-altered electrodes that altered the non-enzymatic electrochemical analysis of significant neurotransmitters in the past few years. A complete report on neurotransmitters, biochemistry, and their effect on living bodies is also addressed. A little account of the coming outcomes of the electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters is assumed to stress the wearable sensors for their in vivo analysis. This article emphasizes the importance of TMO nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential material for the creation of sensors. The review paper gives conclusions based on an appropriate discussion, current challenges, and forthcoming opportunities.