Experimental study on the horn effect of loaded patterned tires

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111053

Ning-Xue Li , Yong-Bin Zhang , Chuan-Xing Bi , Liang Xu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With the progressive optimization of powertrain noise and the rapid advancement of pure electric vehicles, tire/road noise has become the dominant component of overall vehicle noise. Consequently, it has become a critical factor in user evaluations of vehicle performance. Among the mechanisms contributing to tire/road noise, the horn effect plays an important role. It amplifies the noise by up to 10–20 dB as sound propagates through the horn-like space between the tire tread and the road surface. Previous studies on the horn effect have mainly focused on slick tires. In contrast, this paper experimentally analyzes the horn effect for patterned tires, which more closely resemble actual traffic conditions. The horn effect amplification factors were measured for three tire types: a slick tire, a tire with longitudinal grooves, and a tire with both longitudinal and transverse grooves. Measurements were taken under both loaded and unloaded conditions. Based on the experimental results, the influence of tread patterns on the horn effect is investigated. The results demonstrate significant differences in amplification factors between patterned tires and the slick tire. These differences are attributed to resonance mechanisms within the contact patch’s pipe network and the increased complexity of sound wave reflection paths on patterned tire surfaces. Furthermore, these differences become more pronounced when observing tire noise away from the direct front of the tire.

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加载花纹轮胎喇叭效应试验研究

随着动力总成噪声的逐步优化和纯电动汽车的快速发展，轮胎/道路噪声已成为整车噪声的主导组成部分。因此，它已成为用户评价车辆性能的关键因素。在产生轮胎/道路噪声的机理中，喇叭效应起着重要的作用。当声音通过轮胎胎面和路面之间的喇叭状空间传播时，它可以将噪音放大10-20分贝。以往对喇叭效应的研究主要集中在光滑轮胎上。与之相比，本文通过实验分析了更接近实际交通状况的花纹轮胎的喇叭效应。对光滑轮胎、带纵向沟槽轮胎和既有纵向沟槽又有横向沟槽轮胎三种轮胎类型的喇叭效应放大系数进行了测量。测量是在加载和卸载条件下进行的。在试验的基础上，研究了胎面花纹对喇叭效果的影响。结果表明，花纹轮胎与光滑轮胎在放大系数上存在显著差异。这些差异归因于接触片管网内的共振机制以及花纹轮胎表面声波反射路径的复杂性增加。此外，当远离轮胎正面观察轮胎噪音时，这些差异变得更加明显。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Acoustics 物理-声学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

618

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Since its launch in 1968, Applied Acoustics has been publishing high quality research papers providing state-of-the-art coverage of research findings for engineers and scientists involved in applications of acoustics in the widest sense. Applied Acoustics looks not only at recent developments in the understanding of acoustics but also at ways of exploiting that understanding. The Journal aims to encourage the exchange of practical experience through publication and in so doing creates a fund of technological information that can be used for solving related problems. The presentation of information in graphical or tabular form is especially encouraged. If a report of a mathematical development is a necessary part of a paper it is important to ensure that it is there only as an integral part of a practical solution to a problem and is supported by data. Applied Acoustics encourages the exchange of practical experience in the following ways: • Complete Papers • Short Technical Notes • Review Articles; and thereby provides a wealth of technological information that can be used to solve related problems. Manuscripts that address all fields of applications of acoustics ranging from medicine and NDT to the environment and buildings are welcome.