Standalone color-based bathymetry over 10 years at Duck (NC, USA) from optical satellite imagery and wave breaking analysis

IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
Salomé Frugier , Rafael Almar , Erwin W.J. Bergsma , Spicer A. Bak
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Coastal hazard forecasting and morphological modeling rely on having accurate and up-to-date nearshore bathymetry. Traditional methods (shipborne surveys, LiDAR...) provide high precision but they are expensive, complex to deploy, and only cover limited areas, leaving many coastal regions either unmapped or under surveyed. In this context, Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) provides a more accessible and scalable alternative, enabling frequent and global observations of the nearshore zone. This study applies the color-based log-band ratio method to extract nearshore bathymetry at Duck, North Carolina (USA), a highly dynamic environment with a wide range of turbidity values and wave breaking extents. The log-band ratio method is an empirical approach for estimating shallow-water depths from multispectral satellite imagery which relies on the natural attenuation of light in water column, where the ratio of two spectral bands (typically blue and green) is logarithmically related to water depth. Unlike traditional SDB approaches that require in situ bathymetry calibration, this method relies only on nearshore in situ wave height data, using satellite-detected breaking positions and breaker height-to-depth ratio as depth calibration points. Additionally, an automated approach is used to select images where the green/blue band penetrates sufficiently into the water to retrieve bathymetry (cloud, breaking, sky specular reflection, and turbidity effects) avoiding the subjectivity of traditional manual selection. The method is validated through alongshore median- and profile-based assessments, yielding a median RMSE of 60 cm. Sensitivity tests on key parameters, including the breaker height-to-depth ratio and the calibration time window, demonstrate that a constant breaker height-to-depth ratio (γ = 0.36) provides reliable results and that a significant number of calibration points is necessary for accurate bathymetry retrieval (ΔT > 2 years 150 images with breaking occurring). This approach retrieves instant bathymetries and allows for the extraction of bathymetry evolution over time, with 90 bathymetry maps available over the 10-year period due to the very high resolution (5-m) and 2-day revisit VENμS satellite and the 10-m/5-day Sentinel-2 mission. The method is transferable to other optical satellites such as Landsat, although it should be applied with caution, enabling long-term nearshore bathymetry monitoring from the 1980s to the present.
在Duck (NC, USA)使用光学卫星图像和波浪破碎分析进行了10多年的独立彩色测深
海岸灾害预报和形态建模依赖于精确和最新的近岸水深测量。传统的测量方法(船载测量、激光雷达等)精度很高,但它们价格昂贵、部署复杂,而且只能覆盖有限的区域,导致许多沿海地区要么没有测绘,要么勘测不足。在这种情况下,卫星衍生水深测量(SDB)提供了一种更容易获得和可扩展的替代方案,可以对近岸区域进行频繁的全球观测。本研究应用基于颜色的对数频带比方法提取美国北卡罗莱纳州达克近岸水深,这是一个高度动态的环境,具有广泛的浊度值和波浪破碎程度。对数波段比法是一种从多光谱卫星图像中估计浅水深度的经验方法,它依赖于光在水柱中的自然衰减,其中两个光谱波段(通常是蓝色和绿色)的比值与水深呈对数相关。与传统的SDB方法需要现场水深校准不同,该方法仅依赖近岸现场波高数据,使用卫星探测到的破碎位置和破碎高度与深度比作为深度校准点。此外,采用自动化方法选择绿色/蓝色波段充分渗透到水中的图像,以检索水深(云、破碎、天空镜面反射和浊度效应),避免了传统人工选择的主观性。该方法通过岸上基于中值和剖面的评估进行了验证,得出的中值RMSE为~ 60 cm。对关键参数(包括破碎机高度与深度比和校准时间窗)的灵敏度测试表明,恒定的破碎机高度与深度比(γ = 0.36)提供可靠的结果,并且需要大量的校准点才能准确地检索水深(ΔT >; 2年≈150张发生破碎机的图像)。该方法检索即时测深数据,并允许提取随时间变化的测深数据,由于极高分辨率(5米)和2天重访的VENμS卫星和10米/5天的Sentinel-2任务,在10年期间可以获得90张测深图。这种方法可以转移到其他光学卫星上,例如陆地卫星,但应用时应谨慎,以便从1980年代到现在进行长期近岸测深监测。
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来源期刊
Coastal Engineering
Coastal Engineering 工程技术-工程:大洋
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
13.60%
发文量
0
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Coastal Engineering is an international medium for coastal engineers and scientists. Combining practical applications with modern technological and scientific approaches, such as mathematical and numerical modelling, laboratory and field observations and experiments, it publishes fundamental studies as well as case studies on the following aspects of coastal, harbour and offshore engineering: waves, currents and sediment transport; coastal, estuarine and offshore morphology; technical and functional design of coastal and harbour structures; morphological and environmental impact of coastal, harbour and offshore structures.
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