New insights into solid state phosphorylation of cellulose for the development of bio-based flame retardant

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111632

Sophie Dropsit, Jevgenij Lazko, Nicolas Landercy, Philippe Dubois, Fouad Laoutid

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Abstract

The phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been investigated as a strategy to develop bio-based flame retardants, aiming to enhance their charring ability and thermal stability. The modification process was performed using solid-state mechanochemistry, employing varying excesses of phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) to optimize the phosphorus grafting rate. It was discovered that, with a significant P₂O₅ excess, contact of the recovered blend with a small amount of water induces a vigorous reaction. This reaction leads to cellulose expansion and its conversion into a graphitic structure, while also allowing for the grafting of a high phosphorus content. This phosphorylated graphitic cellulose demonstrated a superior flame retardant effect in polypropylene (PP), achieving a 55 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) even at a relatively low incorporation content (12.5 wt.%), while also conserving composite ductility.

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纤维素固态磷酸化对开发生物基阻燃剂的新认识

微晶纤维素（MCC）的磷酸化是开发生物基阻燃剂的一种策略，旨在提高其炭化能力和热稳定性。采用固相机械化学方法，采用不同的五氧化二磷（P2O5）添加量来优化接枝率。研究发现，当P2O5大量过剩时，回收的混合物与少量水接触会引起剧烈的反应。这个反应导致纤维素膨胀并转化为石墨结构，同时也允许高磷含量的接枝。这种磷酸化的石墨纤维素在聚丙烯（PP）中表现出优异的阻燃效果，即使在相对较低的掺入量（12.5 wt.%）下，峰值热释放率（pHRR）也能降低55%，同时还保持了复合材料的延展性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.