Exploring self-sorting in metallacycles: Toward advanced supramolecular systems and materials

Abstract

Supramolecular self-sorting illustrates nature’s remarkable precision, wherein molecular components selectively recognize and bind to specific partners through a delicate balance of energetic interactions and molecular dynamics. This process results in organized structures that exemplify the emergence of order from disorder. Among the non-covalent forces that drive self-sorting, metal–ligand coordination plays a crucial role in constructing complex supramolecular systems. Its inherent directionality, predictability, and strength make it especially effective for forming stable and well-defined assemblies. Inspired by natural self-assembly, researchers have devised strategies to control and synthesize a diverse array of metallacycles. Despite significant progress in this area, studies on self-sorting within metallacycles remain relatively limited. This review summarizes recent advances in both narcissistic and integrative self-sorting processes in metallacycles, emphasizing the fundamental principles behind these mechanisms and their potential applications in functional materials. A deeper understanding of these processes will support the rational design of sophisticated supramolecular systems with enhanced precision and functionality, thereby paving the way for the development of advanced materials in catalysis, sensing, and molecular electronics.