A sybil-resilient and privacy-aware blockchain architecture for dynamic demand response in decentralized microgrids

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1016/j.seta.2025.104540

Abdullah Umar , Prashant Kumar Jamwal , Deepak Kumar , Nitin Gupta , Vijayakumar Gali , Ajay Kumar

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Abstract

This study proposes a decentralized, blockchain-enabled demand response (DR) framework to address the limitations of traditional centralized DR systems, which often suffer from privacy vulnerabilities, single points of failure, and susceptibility to Sybil attacks. By combining a hybrid Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism with dynamic reputation scoring, the framework ensures secure and Sybil-resilient validator selection for consensus. To preserve privacy, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) ,SNARKs are embedded into smart contracts, enabling verifiable energy transactions without revealing sensitive bid or identity information. A dynamic game-theoretic model is used to capture the strategic interactions of prosumers during DR events, with formal analysis proving convergence to the Nash equilibrium under practical load conditions. The system is implemented using Solidity on the Polygon Mainnet and evaluated with real residential data from the Pecan Street dataset. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance gains, including a 12% reduction in peak demand, a 10% increase in prosumer generation, 83% load-shifting efficiency, and a 5.26% improvement in cost savings compared to static demand-side management (DSM) schemes. Additionally, the framework effectively mitigates 99% of Sybil attacks and achieves consensus within 8 s for up to 1000 nodes, highlighting its scalability, security, and suitability for integration with national DR platforms, carbon credit markets, and autonomous multi-agent energy systems.

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分布式微电网动态需求响应的网络弹性和隐私感知区块链架构

本研究提出了一个分散的、支持区块链的需求响应（DR）框架，以解决传统集中式DR系统的局限性，这些系统通常存在隐私漏洞、单点故障和易受Sybil攻击的影响。通过将混合权益证明（PoS）机制与动态声誉评分相结合，该框架确保了安全且具有sybil弹性的共识验证器选择。为了保护隐私，零知识证明（ZKPs）、snark被嵌入到智能合约中，在不泄露敏感出价或身份信息的情况下实现可验证的能源交易。采用动态博弈论模型捕捉生产消费者在DR事件中的战略互动，并通过形式分析证明在实际负荷条件下收敛于纳什均衡。该系统在Polygon Mainnet上使用solididity实现，并使用Pecan Street数据集的真实住宅数据进行评估。实验结果表明，与静态需求侧管理（DSM）方案相比，该方案显著提高了性能，包括峰值需求减少12%，产消发电增加10%，负载转移效率提高83%，成本节约提高5.26%。此外，该框架有效缓解了99%的Sybil攻击，并在8秒内为多达1000个节点达成共识，突出了其可扩展性，安全性以及与国家DR平台，碳信用市场和自主多代理能源系统集成的适用性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

12.50%

发文量

1091

期刊介绍： Encouraging a transition to a sustainable energy future is imperative for our world. Technologies that enable this shift in various sectors like transportation, heating, and power systems are of utmost importance. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments welcomes papers focusing on a range of aspects and levels of technological advancements in energy generation and utilization. The aim is to reduce the negative environmental impact associated with energy production and consumption, spanning from laboratory experiments to real-world applications in the commercial sector.