Bridging the gap: Unveiling the gut's influence on Parkinson's disease through probiotic interventions

Abstract

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to the lack of disease-modifying treatments. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis, particularly through its influence on the gut-brain axis.

Development

The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network involving neural, hormonal, and immune pathways, appears to be significantly modulated by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbial composition, has been implicated in PD progression. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, such as short-chain fatty acids, are key mediators of gut-brain signaling and may contribute to PD pathogenesis. Preclinical studies utilizing animal models of PD have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host. These studies report improvements in motor symptoms, reduced neuroinflammation, decreased oxidative stress, and restoration of gut and blood–brain barrier integrity following probiotic administration.

Conclusions

While the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics in PD require further investigation, these interventions hold promise for disease management. Further research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in PD and to develop targeted interventions for modulating the gut microbiota to improve clinical outcomes.